摘要
《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国民法典>合同编通则若干问题的解释》对清偿型以物抵债协议的规定,仅明确债权人选择权,未涉及债务人选择权,学界对此争议颇多。当事人无特殊约定时,以物抵债协议属于新债清偿,原债与新债并存,此时便出现选择权问题。赋予债务人选择权,既契合选择之债的基本规则,又有利于债权的实现,且不构成对新债的违约。债务人选择权的行使需遵循特定规则,主要包括行使内容、行使期限与方式:行使内容需要区分有无第三人的情形,只有不存在第三人时,债务人才能自行选择;选择权产生于协议达成时,其消灭可延至债权人提起诉讼之时;选择权的行使方式则可参照选择之债适用。当选择权无法行使时,可通过提存等方式进行救济。
The"Supreme People's Court's Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the General Prorisions of the Contract Code of the People's Republic of China"only clarifies the creditor's option regarding the settlement-type debt repayment by property agreement,without touching upon the debtor's option.This has sparked much debate in the academic circle.When there is no special agreement between the parties,the debt repayment by property agreement is regarded as a new debt repayment,and the original debt and the new debt coexist,thus giving rise to the issue of option.Granting the debtor the option not only conforms to the basic rules of the debt of choice but also facilitates the realization of the creditor's rights and does not constitute a breach of the new debt.The exercise of the debtor's option must follow specific rules,mainly including the content,period and method of exercise:the content of the exercise needs to be distinguished based on whether there is a third party or not;only when there is no third party can the debtor make the choice by himself;the option arises when the agreement is reached and may be extinguished until the creditor files a lawsuit;the method of exercising the option can be referred to the application of the debt of choice.When the option cannot be exercised,it can be remedied through deposit and other means.
作者
郑丽清
周思淇
ZHENG Liqing;ZHOU Siqi(Law School,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350108,China)
出处
《浙江理工大学学报(社会科学版)》
2026年第1期95-103,共9页
Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University:Social Sciences
基金
福建省社会科学普及出版资助项目(FJ2025JHKP024)。
关键词
清偿型以物抵债协议
债务人选择权
新债清偿
行使规则
救济方式
clearing-type property-for-debt agreement
debtor's option
new debt repayment
exercise rules
remedial method
