摘要
为探究苗期热胁迫对不同品种(系)小麦生长的影响,分析热胁迫处理和未受热胁迫(对照)小麦的叶片叶绿素含量、株高及植株地上部、地下部生物质量、根冠比等指标差异,为抗、耐热小麦新品种(系)的评鉴与选育,以及未来小麦应对高温干旱天气危害提供理论参考。选取8个不同小麦品种(系)为材料,通过人工搭建塑料棚模拟热胁迫,通过风口控制棚内温度,采用精创温湿度自动记录仪监测棚内和棚外14:00时温湿度,热胁迫处理持续14 d。分别于热胁迫第4天、第8天、第14天取样,测定各处理小麦叶片的叶绿素含量、株高、植株地上部和地下部鲜、干质量。结果表明:热胁迫处理后,各品种(系)小麦苗期叶片叶绿素SPAD值均较未处理对照降低或显著降低,但郑麦103、南农9918和永良4号的SPAD值直至第14天才显著低于对照,且降幅小于其他品种;各小麦株高在热胁迫第8天较对照呈显著降低趋势,至第14天,所有小麦株高均较对照显著降低,小麦植株地上部和地下部鲜质量在第4天有所增加,但第14天时,各小麦品种(系)干质量均呈降低或显著降低的趋势。其中,郑麦103和永良4号的植株地上部和地下部干、鲜质量直至第14天才低于或显著低于对照,且降幅小于其他品种(系)。综上所述,热胁迫降低了各小麦品种(系)苗期叶片叶绿素SPAD值,小麦株高呈先增后降的趋势,苗期小麦植株的地上部和地下部鲜、干质量均呈降低趋势;郑麦103和永良4号小麦品种的株高和植株生物量变幅较小,或受热胁迫后指标降低时间较其余小麦品种(系)滞后,耐热性综合表现优于其余供试小麦品种(系)。
To explore the effects of high-temperature stress at the seedling stage on the growth of different wheat varieties(lines),analyze the differences in indicators such as leaf chlorophyll content,plant height,aboveground and underground biomass,and root-shoot ratio between wheat under high-temperature stress and the non-stressed control group,so as to provide theoretical references for the evaluation,selection and breeding of new heat-resistant and heat-tolerant wheat varieties(lines),as well as for wheat to cope with the damage caused by high-temperature and drought weather in the future.Eight different wheat varieties(lines)were selected as experimental materials.High-temperature stress was simulated by artificially constructing plastic greenhouses,and the temperature inside the greenhouses was controlled by air vents.The temperature and humidity inside and outside the greenhouses at 14:00 were monitored using the Jingchuang automatic temperature and humidity recorder,with the heat stress treatment lasting for 14 days.Sampling was conducted on the 4th,8th,and 14th days of heat stress,respectively,to determine the leaf chlorophyll content,plant height,as well as the fresh and dry weights of the aboveground and underground parts of wheat under each treatment.The results showed that after heat stress,the chlorophyll SPAD values of the seedling leaves of all wheat varieties decreased or decreased significantly compared with the untreated control.However,the SPAD values of Zhengmai 103,Nannong 9918 and Yongliang 4 did not show a significant decrease compared with the control until the 14th day,with a smaller reduction range than other varieties.The plant height of all wheat varieties showed a tendency of significant reduction compared with the control on the 8th day of heat stress,and by the 14th day,the plant height of all wheat varieties was significantly lower than that of the untreated control.The fresh weights of the aboveground and underground parts of wheat plants increased on the 4th day of heat stress,but on the 14th day,the dry weights of all wheat varieties showed a decreasing or significant decreasing trend.Among them,the fresh and dry weights of the aboveground and underground parts of Zhengmai 103 and Yongliang 4 were not lower or significantly lower than those of the control until the 14th day,with a smaller reduction range than other varieties.In conclusion,heat stress reduces the chlorophyll SPAD values of seedling leaves in all tested wheat varieties(lines).The plant height of wheat exhibites a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,while the fresh and dry weights of both aboveground and underground parts of wheat seedlings showes a decreasing trend under heat stress.Among the tested varieties,Zhengmai 103 and Yongliang 4 showes smaller variations in plant height and biomass,or a delay in the reduction of the above indicators under heat stress compared with other varieties,thus demonstrating superior comprehensive heat tolerance performance over the other tested wheat varieties(lines).
作者
张檬
郝水源
杨东升
孙世君
崔超
王海伟
ZHANG Meng;HAO Shuiyuan;YANG Dongsheng;SUN Shijun;CUI Chao;WANG Haiwei(Hetao College,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China;Laboratory of Safe Production and Early Warning Control for Green Agricultural Products in Hetao Area,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China;Technological Innovation Center for Durum Wheat,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China)
出处
《天津农业科学》
2026年第1期11-18,共8页
Tianjin Agricultural Sciences
基金
内蒙古科技兴蒙行动专项项目(NMKJXM202408)
巴彦淖尔市区域创新重点联合基金项目(2025QYCX04)
内蒙古科技兴蒙行动重点专项(NMKJXM202201)
内蒙古自治区科技兴蒙行动重点专项(NMKJXM202302)
内蒙古高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY21202)。
关键词
小麦
苗期
热胁迫
SPAD
生物质量
wheat
seedling stage
high-temperature stress
SPAD
biomass
