摘要
为揭示海拔变化对山地森林群落结构和多样性的影响,在广东新丰江国家森林公园两个不同海拔高度的地段设置调查样地,对胸径≥5 cm的大中型立木开展群落学调查,分析森林群落的物种组成、结构和多样性对海拔变化的响应。研究发现:(1)不同海拔梯度下森林群落的物种组成差异极为显著。低海拔群落立木的物种数和个体数均大于高海拔群落。低海拔群落有73.2%的物种及其所含的82.4%的树木个体与高海拔群落不同,而高海拔群落有71.1%的物种及其所含的52.0%的树木个体与低海拔群落不同,且两个群落多度最高的前5个树种均各不相同。(2)群落的α多样性指数随海拔升高而降低,而β多样性指数则表现出高海拔群落大于低海拔群落,表明沿逆海拔变暖梯度群落的异质性和物种周转降低。(3)在高海拔群落中,物种丰富度与Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数、Brillouin指数、Menhinick指数、Simpson指数、Q Statistic指数以及McIntosh指数均表现出极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),但在低海拔群落中,其相关性和耦合度降低,且与McIntosh指数和Q Statistic指数的相关性变得不具统计显著性。这些结果表明,基于逆海拔梯度的变暖效应增加了山地森林群落大中型立木的α物种多样性,但降低了代表群落物种周转的β多样性,并降低了物种多样性指数与物种丰富度的相关性和耦合度。
To reveal the influences of elevation changes on the structures and diversity of mountain forest communities,sampling plots were set up at two sites of different elevations in the Xinfengjiang National Forest Park of Guangdong Province,for the community survey of large and medium-sized standing trees with the diameter at breast height DBH≥5 cm.Responses of species composition,structure and diversity of forest communities to the changes in elevation were analyzed.The results are as follows.1 Species composition of the forest communities at different elevational gradients was extremely different.The lower-elevation community had higher number of species and stems of standing trees than the higher-elevation community.The lower-elevation community had 73.2%of the species representing 82.4%of the stems differing from the higher-elevation community,while the higher-elevation community had 71.1%of the species representing 52.0%of the stems differing from the lower-elevation community.The top five most abundant tree species differed between the two communities.2 Theα-diversity indices of the community decreased with the increase of elevation,while theβ-diversity indices were greater in the higher-elevation community than in the lower-elevation community,indicating that community heterogeneity and species turnover decreased along the inverse elevational warming gradient.3 In the higher-elevation community,species richness showed highly significantly positive correlations(P<0.01)with Shannon-Wiener index,Margalef index,Brillouin index,Menhinick index,Simpson index,Q Statistic index,and McIntosh index.In the lower-elevation community,these correlations and coupling decreased,and especially,the correlations of species richness with McIntosh index and Q Statistic index became statistically insignificant.These findings demonstrate that warming effects dependent on the inverse elevation gradient increases theα-diversity of large and medium-sized standing trees in the mountain forest while reducing theβ-diversity representing the turnover of species in the community and the correlations and coupling between species richness and diversity indices.
作者
苏宇乔
黄芳芳
甘先华
吴国章
张卫强
SU Yuqiao;HUANG Fangfang;GAN Xianhua;WU Guozhang;ZHANG Weiqiang(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Protection and Utilization,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510520,China;Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510520,China)
出处
《森林与环境学报》
北大核心
2026年第2期150-159,共10页
Journal of Forest and Environment
基金
国家林业和草原局林草科技创新平台运行补助项目“广东东江源森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站运行补助”(2024132066)
广东省级财政资金项目“林业生态监测平台运行维护”(2025KJXM02)。
关键词
山地森林
大中型立木
群落结构
海拔变化
Α多样性
Β多样性
气候变暖
mountain forest
large and medium-sized tree
community structure
elevation change
α-diversity
β-diversity
climate warming
