摘要
长期以来,学界关于冬虫夏草的汉文知识谱系与药用起源问题众说纷纭,系统研究较为薄弱。经文献交叉考证可知,其明确记载最早见于1711年朱璋的《观树堂诗集》,较现有推断早约20年。伴随着冬虫夏草逐渐被纳入中医本草体系,吴仪洛与赵学敏等本草学家综合运用性味药理与法象药理的释药方法,并以阴阳为纲纪对冬虫夏草的自然史知识进行理论建构,从而形成了可供清人理解的医药知识框架。其后,唐秉钧、王孟英等医家以重视效验的态度进一步确认其疗效,终使冬虫夏草成为治疗肺疾、咳症及诸虚百损的神奇本草。尽管清代医药学家的理论体系与实践仍受时代局限,但其对冬虫夏草的阐释,为理解传统药物知识的形成机制及中医药历史的演进提供了重要启示。
For a long time,scholarly discussions regarding the knowledge system of classical Chinese texts and the medicinal origins of Dong Chong Xia Cao(冬虫夏草Cordyceps)have been diverse,with systematic research being relatively scarce.Through cross-referencing of literature,it is evident that its fi rst clear record appeared in Guan Shu Tang Shi Ji(《观树堂诗集》Guanshutang Poetry Collection)by Zhu Zhang(朱璋)in 1711,approximately twenty years earlier than previously suggested.As Dong Chong Xia Cao gradually entered the system of Chinese materia medica,classical pharmacologists like Wu Yiluo(吴仪洛)and Zhao Xueming(赵学敏)comprehensively applied the pharmacology of properties and tastes(性味药理)along with the pharmacology of therapeutic actions and patterns(法象药理)in their method of interpreting medicinal substances,as well as the principles of yin-yang(阴阳)to construct a theoretical framework for its natural history.This framework made the medicinal knowledge of Dong Chong Xia Cao accessible to the Qing Dynasty intellectuals.Later,physicians such as Tang Bingjun(唐秉钧)and Wang Mengying(王孟英),emphasizing empirical evidence,further confi rmed its therapeutic eff ects,ultimately establishing Dong Chong Xia Cao as a miraculous herb for treating pulmonary diseases,coughs,and various forms of debility.Although the theoretical systems and practices of Qing Dynasty medical scholars were still constrained by their historical context,their elucidation of Dong Chong Xia Cao offered valuable insights into the formation mechanisms of traditional medicinal knowledge and the evolution of the history of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
作者
辛豪
XIN Hao(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《中医药文化》
2026年第1期33-46,共14页
Chinese Medical Culture
关键词
冬虫夏草
《观树堂诗集》
本草学家
药性理论
医药知识
药用实践
Dong Chong Xia Cao(冬虫夏草Cordyceps)
Guan Shu Tang Shi Ji(《观树堂诗集》Guanshutang Poetry Collection)
Pharmacologists
Pharmacological Theory
Medicinal Knowledge
Medicinal Practice
