摘要
针对深部开采工作面坚硬顶板易引发强矿压显现的问题,文章以山东某矿14301工作面为工程背景,通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法,开展了厚煤层坚硬顶板预裂卸压技术研究。基于岩梁力学模型计算得出工作面基本顶初次来压步距为27.81 m,周期来压平均步距为15.9 m.采用3DEC数值模拟对比了15,20,25 m共3种预裂切顶步距方案,发现20 m步距切顶可形成理想的“外梯形-内梯形”覆岩破坏结构,有效降低应力集中(垂直应力控制在17.65 MPa)。现场应用深孔预裂爆破技术后,工作面直接顶初次垮落步距降至16.5 m,支架工作阻力稳定在36.5~42.93 MPa范围内,消除了碎顶片帮现象。研究成果为深部开采坚硬顶板控制提供了有效的技术解决方案。
Aiming at the problem that the hard top plate of deep mining face is easy to cause strong mineral pressure,this paper takes 14301 working face of a mine in Shandong as the engineering background,and carries out the research on the pre-cracking and decompression technology of the hard top plate of thick coal seam through the combination of theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and on-site test.Based on the rock-beam mechanical model,the initial pressure step of the working face is 27.81 m,and the average step of the cycle pressure is 15.9 m.The 3DEC numerical simulation was used to compare the three pre-cracking top-cutting steps of 15,20,25 m,and found that the top-cutting with 20 m step can form an ideal"outer trapezoidal-inner trapezoidal"overburden damage structure,effectively reduce the stress concentration(the stress of the straight overburden layer is controlled at 17.65 MPa).After applying the deep hole pre-cracking blasting technology on site,the initial collapse step distance of the direct top of the working face was reduced to 16.5 m,and the working resistance of the support was stabilized in the range of 36.5~42.93 MPa,thus eliminating the phenomenon of shattered top and slice gangs.The research results provide an effective technical solution for the control of hard top plate in deep mining.
作者
李旸
LI Yang(Jingfu Mining Industry Co.,Ltd.,Huayang New Materials Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinzhong 045400,China)
出处
《煤》
2026年第3期48-52,77,共6页
Coal
关键词
顶板预裂
覆岩变形控制
数值模拟
roof pre-splitting
deformation control of surrounding rock
numerical simulation
