摘要
自从1602年荷兰东印度公司与中国进行瓷器贸易以来[1],陶瓷装饰艺术被一起传入欧洲。18世纪初,欧洲第一家硬质瓷器厂梅森成立[2],为了满足宫廷装饰和贵族对异国风格瓷器的大量需求,梅森画家开始从中国釉下蓝瓷绘画中寻找灵感,并结合欧洲其他工厂蓝白瓷画的装饰风格,创造出风靡一时的“蓝洋葱”装饰图案。这种釉下蓝图案从中国传统折枝花鸟画的具象造型和非对称构图方式衍变成人为表现化、造型几何化、布局装饰化、釉彩单色化的装饰图案。研究以18世纪欧洲梅森工厂中著名的蓝洋葱装饰图案为切入点,探讨其发展历程、衍变方式和原因以及与中国陶瓷装饰图案的互相影响。通过深入剖析中国与欧洲不同文化艺术的内涵,得出“中国风”的欧洲化过程并不是一味地模仿和照抄,而是从仿制到创新、从物质需求到精神层面的过渡。从而分析出中欧跨文化的相互影响所体现的作用主要是:促进中欧美术在造型和形式上的革新,体会中欧装饰传统和审美趣味的差异,进而感受文化交融带来的创造与融合之美。
Since the Dutch East India Company traded porcelain with China in 1602,ceramic decorative arts have been introduced to Europe.In the early 18th century,Meissen,the first European hard-paste porcelain factory,was established.To meet high demand from palaces and the nobles for exotic-style porcelain,Meissen painters searched for inspiration from Chinese underglaze blue porcelain paintings and hybridized the decorative style from other European factories,creating the popular"Zwiebelmuster"motif.This underglaze-blue pattern evolved from the figurative imagery and asymmetrical composition of traditional Chinese cut-branch flower-and-bird painting into a decorative schema characterized by deliberate stylization,geometric abstraction,ornamentalized layout,and a monochromatic palette.Taking the renowned"Zwiebelmuster"decoration of 18th century Meissen porcelain as its perspective,this article examines its developmental trajectory,modes and reasons of transformation,and its reciprocal interaction with Chinese ceramic ornamentation.Through a close analysis of the cultural and artistic connotations of China and Europe,it argues that the Europeanization of so-called"Chinoiserie"was not a mere imitation or replication,but rather a process of transition from copying to innovation,and from satisfying material demand to engaging with spiritual dimensions.In this light,the cross-cultural interplay between China and Europe is shown to have stimulated formal and stylistic innovation,highlighted the differences in ornamental traditions and aesthetic sensibilities,and ultimately revealed the creativity and fusion brought about through cultural exchange.
作者
姜郭霞
邓举青
刘晓丽
JIANG Guoxia;DENG Juqing;LIU Xiaoli(Wuxi Institute of Art&Technology,Wuxi 214206,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《中国陶瓷工业》
2026年第1期83-92,共10页
China Ceramic Industry
基金
2022年江苏高校哲学社会科学研究基金(2022SJYB1063)
2022年江苏省高校青年教师境外研修访问学者项目(苏教[2020]15号)
2024年无锡工艺职业技术学院基金(572024TD02)。
关键词
梅森瓷器
蓝洋葱
陶瓷装饰
中国风
东西方艺术
Meissen china
Zwiebelmuster
ceramic decoration
chinoiserie
east and west art
