摘要
[目的]分析榆神府煤矿区土壤粒径与可蚀性(K)的空间分异规律及其驱动机制,为矿区差异化生态修复提供理论依据。[方法]以榆神府南北梯度上的7个典型煤矿区及红碱淖自然保护对照区为对象,整合0—200 cm土壤剖面实测数据与遥感数据,系统解析分形维数和K值的空间分布规律及其影响因素。[结果](1)土壤粒径及K值呈“南部小于北部”“风沙草滩小于黄土丘陵”的分布特征,南部风积沙地貌砂粒所占比例超85%,分形维数低至2.18~2.22,K值最低为0.25~0.28;中北部黄土丘陵区黏粒与粉粒比例增加,分形维数升至2.32~2.35,K值增高至0.26~0.32;(2)侵蚀动力呈现差异化驱动,风蚀模数与土壤分形维数呈显著负相关关系(p<0.05),风蚀通过优先迁移细颗粒导致土壤粗化,降低可蚀性;水蚀模数与粉粒、砂粒、总磷和总钾含量呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05),其高值区多分布于黄绵土带,体现了水蚀对细颗粒与养分的协同迁移作用;(3)环境因子调控遵循母质主导序列,成土母质解释量比例45.9%,其次为含水率(12%)、植被盖度(2.1%)与坡度因子(1.8%),煤矿开采扰动在矿区尺度上对粒径和K值的影响未达到显著水平,其效应被地表风沙土的自修复能力与“边采边复”策略有效缓冲。[结论]榆神府矿区土壤粒径与可蚀性空间分异主要受成土母质与侵蚀动力耦合控制,采矿扰动的影响在宏观尺度上被自然与人工修复机制削弱。基于此,建议南部风蚀主导区以固沙为重点的治理策略,中北部水蚀风蚀交错区则重点强化植被恢复与地表覆盖。
[Objective]The spatial heterogeneity patterns of soil particle size and erodibility(K)in the Yuli-Shenmu-Fugu region(Yushenfu)coal mining areas and their driving mechanisms were analyzed,in order to provide a theoretical basis for differentiated ecological restoration in mining areas.[Methods]Seven typical coal mining areas along a north-south gradient in the Yushenfu coal mining area,along with the Hongjiannao Nature Reserve as a control area,were selected.By integrating measured data from 0—200 cm soil profiles and remote sensing data,this study systematically analyzed the spatial distribution patterns of fractal dimension and K value,as well as their influencing factors.[Results]①Soil particle size and K value showed a distribution pattern of‘southern part<northern part’and‘sandy grassland<loess hilly region’.In the southern aeolian sand region,the proportion of sand particles exceeded 85%,the fractal dimension was as low as 2.18—2.22,and the K value was lowest at 0.25—0.28.In the central and northern loess hilly regions,the proportions of clay and silt particles increased,the fractal dimension rose to 2.32—2.35,and the K value increased to 0.26—0.32.②Erosion dynamics showed differentiated driving effects:the wind erosion modulus was significantly negatively correlated with the soil fractal dimension(p<0.05),as wind erosion preferentially transported fine particles,leading to soil coarsening and reduced erodibility.The water erosion modulus showed a significant positive correlation with the contents of silt,sand,total phosphorus,and total potassium(p<0.05),with its high-value areas mostly distributed in the loessal soil zone,indicating the synergistic transport of fine particles and nutrients by water erosion.③The regulation of environmental factors followed a parent material-dominated sequence,with parent material accounting for 45.9%of the explanatory contribution,followed by moisture content(12%),vegetation cover(2.1%),and slope factor(1.8%).The impact of coal mining disturbance on particle size and K value at the regional scale did not reach significant levels,as its effects were effectively buffered by the self-repair capacity of surface sandy soil and the‘simultaneous mining and restoration’strategy.[Conclusion]The spatial heterogeneity of soil particle size and erodibility in the Yushenfu coal mining areas is primarily controlled by the coupling effect of parent material and erosion dynamics.The impact of mining disturbance is mitigated at the macro-scale by natural and artificial restoration mechanisms.Based on this,it is recommended that the wind erosion-dominated southern area should adopt sand fixation-focused management strategies,while the central and northern area with mixed water and wind erosion should prioritize vegetation restoration and surface cover.
作者
李晗
毕银丽
Li Han;Bi Yinli(Institute of Ecological Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China;State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
北大核心
2026年第1期250-259,共10页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目“煤炭井工开采生态环境修复机理与方法”(52394194)
国家重点研发计划项目“西部干旱区煤能源基地区域生态保护与资源综合利用技术”(2022YFF1303303)。
关键词
榆神府煤矿区
土壤粒径分布
分形维数
可蚀性
Yushenfu coal mining area
soil particle size distribution
fractal dimension
erodibility
