摘要
美国英才教育的百余年发展的核心始终立足国家立场,服务国家整体利益与全球竞争战略。美国对英才儿童的定义经历了由“先天”向“后天”的演变历程,这种演变并非简单的教育理念更新,而是国家战略对人才观与教育制度的深层调控。公平与卓越的张力贯穿英才教育实践始终,在社会平权运动与国际科技竞争的交替背景下,美国通过制度不断调适二者关系,以保障人才培养体系既能回应多元群体诉求又能支撑国家战略目标。美国通过立法构建起稳定的人才供给机制,同时辅以全球引才战略,形成人才的内培与外引并行的格局,巩固其安全与科技优势。美国的英才教育采取立足国家立场的教育政策,虽然取得了一定的效果,却忽视了学生的全面发展,实用主义色彩浓厚,功利性强。我国拔尖创新人才培养则立足于学生的全面发展,并引导学生将个人发展融入中华民族的伟大复兴中。
The over one-hundred-year development of gifted education in the United States has consistently been grounded in a national stance,serving overall national interests and global competitive strategies.The definition of gifted and talented children in the United States has undergone a transition from an emphasis on“innate”attributes to“acquired”potential.This shift is not merely an update in educational philosophy,but rather reflects deep strategic regulation by the state over conceptions of talent and the education system.The tension between equity and excellence runs throughout the practice of gifted and talented education.Against the alternating backdrops of social equality movements and international scientific and technological competition,the United States has continuously adjusted the relationship between the two through institutional mechanisms,ensuring that its talent cultivation system responds to the demands of diverse social groups while also supporting national strategic objectives.Through legislation,the United States has established a stable talent supply mechanism,complemented by global talent recruitment strategies,thus forming a dual pattern of domestic cultivation and international attraction that consolidates its security and technological advantages.Gifted education policies in the United States,firmly rooted in a national stance,have achieved certain outcomes;however,they tend to neglect students’holistic development and exhibit a strong utilitarian and pragmatic orientation.In contrast,China’s cultivation of top innovative talent is grounded in the overall development of students and guides individuals to integrate their personal development into the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
作者
韩思阳
Han Siyang(Institute of Curriculum and Textbook Research,Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China,Beijing,China)
出处
《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2026年第2期101-109,203,204,共11页
Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
2024年全国教育科学规划国家重大课题“世界重要教育中心建设研究”(VDA240012)。
关键词
美国英才教育
国家立场
公平与卓越
人才战略
拔尖创新人才培养
gifted education in the United States
national stance
equity and excellence
talent strategy
cultivation of top innovative talent
