摘要
文章以北京西部山区为例,结合中性侵入岩建造、陆源碎屑岩建造、基性喷出岩建造、中性喷出岩建造、碳酸盐岩建造的岩石风化成土过程,探究了与地表生态环境关系密切的19种化学元素的分布特征和迁移规律,并建立了岩石—土壤化学元素演化模式。结果表明:总体上土壤中化学元素含量相对高于岩石,岩石风化成土过程中化学元素再分配和迁移时会出现均一化现象,Cr、Cu、Ge、Mn、Ni、P、S、Zn等均一化作用强烈,Cd、Hg、I、N、Pb、Se等均一化作用微弱。从地质建造类型角度来看,除碳酸盐岩建造外,流失元素主要为B、Cr、F、Mn、Ni、P等;富集元素主要为I、N、As、Cd、Hg、Pb、S、Se等,Cu、Zn在风化成土过程中的稳定性较好。从化学元素性质角度来看,亲气元素的岩石-土壤演化模式普遍为升高型;亲石元素既有升高型,也有稳定型和下降型;亲铁元素普遍为稳定型和下降型;亲铜元素主要为升高型,个别为稳定型。
Taking the western mountainous areas of Beijing as an example,this research investigated the distribution characteristics and migration patterns of 19 chemical elements relevant to the surface ecological environment.Analyses of weathering and soil formation processes were carried out across diverse lithological formations,including neutral intrusive rocks,terrestrial clastic rocks,basic extrusive rocks,neutral extrusive rocks,and carbonate rocks.A model for the evolution of chemical elements during rock-to-soil transformation was established.Key findings indicate that the content of chemical elements in soil is relatively higher than that in rocks.During the process of rock weathering and soil formation,homogenization occurs as chemical elements undergo redistribution and migration.Specifically,elements such as Cr,Cu,Ge,Mn,Ni,P,S,and Zn exhibit strong homogenization effects,whereas Cd,Hg,I,N,Pb,and Se demonstrate weaker homogenization.From the perspective of geological formations,apart from carbonate rock,the main elements lost are B,Cr,F,Mn,Ni,and P.The enriched elements are mainly I,N,As,Cd,Hg,Pb,S,and Se,while Cu and Zn have good stability during weathering and soil formation.In terms of chemical element properties,the rock-to-soil evolution patterns of atmophile elements generally show an increase.Lithophile elements display a diverse range of behaviors,including increasing,stable,and decreasing trends.Siderophile elements generally remain stable and decrease.Chalcophile elements predominantly show an increasing trend,with only a few instances of stability observed.
作者
李欢
张博
贾颜卉
张一璇
柳瑞艳
杨申钰
LI Huan;ZHANG Bo;JIA Yanhui;ZHANG Yixuan;LIU Ruiyan;YANG Shenyu(Beijing Institute of Ecological Geology,Beijing 100120,China)
出处
《城市地质》
2026年第1期13-20,共8页
Urban Geology
基金
京西“一线四矿”及周边区域生态地质专项调查与评价示范(11000022T000000491145)
北京西部浅山区生态地质安全专项调查与评价(11000023T000002075084)
极端强降雨背景下北京西部山区生态-地质约束关系研究(STSKY202401)联合资助。
关键词
风化成土作用
元素迁移
地质建造
表生环境
演化模式
weathering pedogenesis
element migration
geological formation
earth's surface environment
evolution model
