摘要
Ancient DNA(aDNA)research has transformed our understanding of evolutionary processes by enabling direct genomic analysis of extinct species.This study explores the potential of aDNA to decipher genetic adaptations through two key approaches:the genomic evolution of woolly mammoths and the underutilized resource of plant macrofossils.Through highthroughput sequencing and comparative genomics,we identified 3,097 genes with unique derived mutations in woolly mammoths,highlighting adaptations in hair development(e.g.,AHNAK2),lipid metabolism(e.g.,Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase,Medium Chain[ACADM]),immunity,and thermosensation[1].Temporal genomic comparisons revealed that while most adaptive changes originated early,recent evolution refined traits such as fur quality and body size.Additionally,we demonstrated that plant macrofossils from calcareous lake sediments preserve endogenous DNA,enabling detailed studies of past flora and their responses to climate shifts[2].These findings underscore the value of aDNA in revealing polygenic adaptation mechanisms and provide insights for modern conservation and crop improvement strategies.This research emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of aDNA studies and their critical role in linking past evolutionary processes to present-day biodiversity challenges.
