摘要
罪错未成年人的特殊属性决定了惩戒权在专门矫治教育过程中存在迫切的现实需求,但惩戒权的行使却面临着固有的正当性争议和因规范依据缺失产生的合法性争议。从正当性来看,惩戒不等同于惩罚,而是与专门矫治教育的保护处分性质高度契合;从合法性来看,《中小学教师实施教育惩戒规则(试行)》和《未成年犯管教所管理规定》中的条款都是对罪错未成年人行使惩戒权的规范来源。将惩戒权纳入法治轨道才能保障其合理行使,防止陷入适用过度和受限的双向困境。从主体来看,应当设立惩戒委员会统筹决定权和监管权;从手段来看,应当补充刚性措施以弥补惩戒力度不足导致的效果缺憾;从限度来看,应当以必要性原则为底线确保惩戒与过错相适应;从责任来看,应当确立专门教育指导委员会的可诉地位并列为第一责任主体。
The distinctive characteristics of juvenile offenders necessitate the exercise of disciplinary authority within specialized correctional education programmes.However,the exercise of such authority faces inherent legitimacy disputes and challenges to its legality due to the absence of regulatory frameworks.Regarding legitimacy,discipline should not be equated with punishment;rather,it corresponds closely to the protective-dispositional nature of specialized correctional education.Regarding legality,provisions within the Rules for the Implementation of Educational Discipline by Primary and Secondary School Teachers(Trial)and the Administrative Provisions on the Reformatories for Juvenile Delinquents constitute normative sources for exercising disciplinary authority over juvenile offenders.Only by embedding disciplinary authority within a legal framework can its reasonable exercise be safeguarded,preventing it from falling into the dual predicament of excessive application or undue restriction.Regarding the governing body,a disciplinary committee should be established to centralize decision-making and supervisory authority.Concerning measures,mandatory measures should be supplemented to compensate for the lack of effevtiveness resulting from insufficient disciplinary impact.Regarding limits,the principle of necessity should serve as the baseline to ensure that discipline is proportionate to the misconduct.Regarding accountability,the specialized education guidance committee should be granted standing to bring legal actions and be designated as the primary liable entity.
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
2026年第1期182-192,共11页
Journal Of CUPL
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“乡村治理视域下多元规则民事司法运用机制研究”(项目编号:23YJA820004)的阶段性成果。
关键词
专门矫治教育
教育惩戒
体罚
专门学校
special educational measures
educational discipline
corporal punishment
special schools
