摘要
全球化进程中多重变量交织,以美国为首的西方国家长期主导全球军工市场的局面出现转变。在中东地区,沙特阿拉伯积极寻求突破西方技术封锁,以期实现国防工业本土化。本文立足战略自主视域,梳理了沙特国防工业转型的具体举措和基本发展路径,指出沙特在减少对西方军售依赖的同时,通过补偿项目、技术转让和自主研发推动其国防工业本土化转型。在这一过程中,国际军售政治化倾向、地缘政治威胁是沙特发展本土国防工业的核心驱动力,而国家政策转变与政权稳固需求则构成其政策调整的内生动力。总体来看,沙特国防工业正逐渐成为沙特实现战略自主、提升综合国力的重要支撑。沙特国防工业转型体现了后发国家在战略自主追求下的制度能动性。同时,沙特目前仍未走出外部依赖与产研制约的双重困境,工业基础薄弱、自主研发不足与制度路径转型迟滞,仍制约沙特国防工业的市场化逻辑与军民融合的形成。
Amid the interplay of multiple variables in globalization,the long-standing dominance of the global defense industry by Western countries led by the United States has begun to shift.As a key actor in the Middle East,the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has actively sought to overcome Western technological constraints to achieve the localization of its defense industry.From the perspective of strategic autonomy,this study systematically examines the specific measures undertaken in the transformation of Saudi Arabia's defense industry and outlines its primary developmental trajectory.The analysis indicates that,while reducing dependence on Western arms sales,Saudi Arabia has promoted the localization of its defense industry through offset agreements,technology transfers,and indigenous research and development.In this process,the politicization of international arms transfers and regional geopolitical threats constitute the core external drivers of domestic defense industrialization,whereas changes in national policies and the imperatives of regime consolidation represent endogenous motivations for domestic policy adjustment.Overall,Saudi Arabia's defense industry is gradually emerging as a critical pillar for achieving strategic autonomy and enhancing comprehensive national power,reflecting the institutional agency of a latecomer state in its pursuit of strategic independence.Nevertheless,the kingdom continues to face a dual predicament of external dependency and limitations in production and research capabilities,with a weak industrial base,insufficient indigenous research and development,and lagging institutional transformation constraining the industrialization process,marketoriented development,and civil-military integration.
作者
侯眷
唐子涵
HOU Juan;TANG Zihan(Institute for Advanced Studies on New International Relations,Zhejiang International Studies University;School of Asian Languages and Cultures,Zhejiang International Studies University;Faculty of Humanities,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)
出处
《阿拉伯世界研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期75-106,158,159,共34页
Arab World Studies
关键词
沙特
国防工业
战略自主
国防工业本土化
技术转让
Saudi Arabia
Defense Industry
Strategic Autonomy
Defense Industrial Localization
Technology Transfer
