摘要
为探明大理洱海沉积物重金属的污染情况及生态风险,在洱海湖区代表性区域设置7个采样点,于2015—2018年共采集25组表层样品,2021—2024年共采集84组分层样品.采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)6种重金属进行检测,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光分光光度法对砷(As)、汞(Hg)两种重金属进行检测;并运用地累积指数法、单因子指数法、污染负荷指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对洱海沉积物中重金属的污染现状进行综合评价,并运用潜在生态风险指数初步评估其生态风险.结果表明:重金属Hg和Cd为洱海湖区主要的污染因子,洱海沉积物大部分重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb)的单因子潜在风险为低风险,但Hg和Cd的潜在风险可达较高风险及以上,综合潜在生态风险基本处于中风险和较高风险,部分年份可上升至极高风险,应给予重点关注.
To investigate the pollution status and ecological risks of heavy metals in the sediments of Lake Erhai in Dali,7 representative sampling sites were set up across the lake area.A total of 25 surface sediment samples were collected during the period from 2015 to 2018,while 84 layered sediment samples were obtained between 2021 and 2024.Six heavy metals,namely copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),lead(Pb),nickel(Ni),chromium(Cr)and cadmium(Cd),were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry(FAAS).In contrast,arsenic(As)and mercury(Hg)were determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry(HG-AFS).The pollution status of heavy metals in the sediments was comprehensively evaluated by adopting multiple methods,including the geo-accumulation index method,single-factor pollution index method,pollution load index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method.Meanwhile,the potential ecological risk index method was employed to preliminarily assess the corresponding ecological risks.The results demonstrated that Hg and Cd were identified as the primary heavy metal pollutants in Lake Erhai,most heavy metals(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Pb)were found to pose a low potential ecological risk.However,Hg and Cd exhibited a high or even higher potential ecological risk.Collectively,the comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments of Lake Erhai was generally at moderate to relative high levels,and it could escalate to very high levels in certain years,which merits focused attention.
作者
李凯
和卫明
赵红艳
吴越
黎明月
侯泽英
LI Kai;HE Weiming;ZHAO Hongyan;WU Yue;LI Mingyue;HOU Zeying(Dali Branch Center of Yunnan Provincial Water Environment Monitoring Center,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Institute of Lake Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2026年第1期146-161,共16页
Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)
基金
中国环境科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2025YSKY-04)。
关键词
洱海
沉积物
重金属
污染特征
生态风险
Erhai Lake
sediments
heavy metals
pollution characteristics
ecological risk
