摘要
中国语境下的女性主义文学命名与界定一直在不断变迁。结合中国女性主义文学批评的三次高潮溯源不难发现,“五四”前后的第一次女性主义文学批评浪潮中“妇女所作的文学”进入大众视野,“妇女文学”的命名为人们所认识和接受,这一时期多采取传统批评方法,但难能可贵之处在于系统梳理妇女文学史的出现以及对于女性处境的关注和讨论空前热烈。二十世纪八十年代第二次女性主义文学批评的浪潮到来,“女性书写的文学”成为批评者讨论的焦点,“女性文学”的名称广为人知,这一阶段关于女性文学的定义和讨论成为热点。二十世纪九十年代,第三次女性主义文学批评浪潮中西方女性主义文学批评理论被大量引入,批评者结合中国实际有选择地采用了部分批评的方法,“具有女性意识的文学”成为此时判定女性主义文学的主要标准,女性文学、女性主义文学的叫法并肩而行。这时批评者有意识地提炼批评的理论、批评的方法,由此传统的女性形象批评、新兴的女性意识与女性身体批评成为中国女性主义文学的三大批评话语,批评框架基本确立,从此批评者的论证有了较为系统的理论支撑。
The naming and definition of feminist literature in the Chinese context have been constantly changing.By tracing the origins of the three peaks in Chinese feminist literary criticism,it is not difficult to find that during the first wave before and after the May Fourth Movement,“literature written by women”entered the public view,and the naming of“women’s literature”was recognized and accepted.During this period,traditional critical methods were still mostly adopted,but the valuable aspect lies in the emergence of the systematic compilation of the history of women’s literature and the unprecedented enthusiasm for attention and discussion on the situation of women.The second wave of feminist literary criticism emerged in the 1980s,when“literature written by women”became the focus of discussion among critics.The term“women’s literature”became widely known,and during this stage,the definition and discussion of women’s literature became a hot topic.In the 1990s,during the third wave,Western feminist literary criticism theories were extensively introduced.Critics selectively applied these theories to Chinese context,establishing“literature with feminist consciousness”as the main criterion for judging feminist literature at this time.The terms“women’s literature”and“feminist literature”coexisted during this phase.At this point,critics consciously refined the theories and methods of criticism.As a result,traditional criticism of female images,emerging criticism of feminist consciousness,and criticism of female bodies have become the three major discourses in Chinese feminist literary criticism.The critical framework has been basically established,and since then,the critics’arguments have a relatively systematic theoretical support.
作者
王林
李树枝
Wang Lin;Lee Soo Chee(Faculty of Chinese Studies,Tunku Abdul Rahman University,Perak,Malaysia 31900)
出处
《西部学刊》
2026年第3期139-142,共4页
Journal of Western
关键词
中国女性主义文学批评
研究综述
女性话语
Chinese feminist literary criticism
research review
female discourse
