摘要
抗生素的大量使用和不当处置使其在土壤中的残留不断累积,对土壤生态系统造成严重破坏,如改变土壤理化性质、干扰微生物群落平衡、抑制植物生长等,进而通过食物链传递威胁人类健康,抗生素污染已成为全球环境治理领域的重大挑战。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)在土壤污染修复方面具有显著优势,它能够与宿主植物根系形成紧密共生关系,与植物协同抵抗及修复抗生素污染土壤。然而,目前关于AMF在抗生素污染土壤修复方面的潜力尚未得到充分挖掘,相关研究关注较少。因此,本综述旨在总结AMF修复抗生素污染土壤的机制,形成相关研究的理论框架。本文通过梳理近年来AMF在抗生素污染土壤修复方面的研究进展,概括了抗生素污染的现状及其对土壤生态系统的多维度影响;系统总结了AMF修复抗生素污染土壤的4种主要作用机制,一是增强宿主植物抗性:AMF通过其庞大的菌丝网络扩增宿主植物根系吸收的面积,促进氮、磷等养分的吸收,为宿主植株生长提供物质基础;在抗生素胁迫下,AMF能够诱导植物提升超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶等抗氧化酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,减少活性氧对细胞的损伤。二是重塑土壤微生物群落结构:AMF通过分泌乙酸、葡萄糖等低分子量碳源及有机酸,选择性富集具有抗生素降解功能的微生物,重塑根际与菌丝际微生物群落组成,提升土壤整体降解效能。三是调节土壤酶活性:AMF通过提升土壤中与防御及营养代谢相关酶的活性,协同实现“缓解氧化应激”与“促进抗生素分解”的双重目标。四是抑制抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的传播:AMF有助于稳定土壤微生物群落结构、降低可移动遗传元件的活性,阻断ARGs的扩散路径。然而,该领域研究仍存在明显瓶颈:AMF是否直接参与抗生素的吸附、转运或转化,以及是否分泌特异性降解酶,尚缺乏系统证据;AMF调控菌丝际微生物群落的关键信号分子不清,关键降解菌富集与降解抗生素的分子机制也有待阐明。未来研究应聚焦代谢组学、蛋白质组学等多组学技术联用,以解析关键酶催化途径;定向选育高效降解抗生素的AMF菌株;优化AMF-植物-微生物互作网络,实现对根际微生态的精准调控。该项研究对于推动AMF菌剂在抗生素污染土壤修复中的应用,保障农田土壤生态健康具有重要的理论价值与实践指导意义。
The extensive use and improper disposal of antibiotics have led to their continuous accumulation in soil,causing significant damage to soil ecosystems,such as altering soil physicochemical properties,disrupting microbial community balance,and inhibiting plant growth.These impacts further threaten human health through food chain transmission,making antibiotic pollution a major challenge in global environmental governance.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)exhibit significant advantages in soil pollution remediation,as they can form close symbiotic relationships with the roots of host plants and synergistically resist and remediate antibiotic-contaminated soils.However,the potential of AMF in remediating antibiotic-contaminated soils has not yet been fully explored,and relevant research remains limited.Therefore,this review aims to summarize the mechanisms of AMF-mediated remediation of antibiotic-contaminated soils and establish a theoretical framework for related studies.By reviewing recent research on AMF in the remediation of antibiotic-contaminated soils,this paper outlines the current status of antibiotic pollution and its multidimensional impacts on soil ecosystems.It also systematically summarizes four main mechanisms of AMF-mediated remediation of antibiotic-contaminated soils,including enhancing host plant resistance,reshaping soil microbial community structure,regulating soil enzyme activity,and inhibiting the spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).Firstly,enhancing host plant resistance:AMF expand the absorption area of the host plant’s root system through their extensive hyphal network,promoting the uptake of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus,which provides a material basis for host plant growth.Under antibiotic stress,AMF can induce plants to increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes,including superoxide dismutase and catalase,reduce malondialdehyde content,and mitigate reactive oxygen species-induced cellular damage.Secondly,reshaping soil microbial community structure:AMF secrete low-molecular-weight carbon sources,including acetic acid,glucose,and organic acids,to selectively enrich microorganisms with antibiotic-degrading capabilities,reshaping the composition of rhizospheric and hyphospheric microbial communities and improving the overall antibiotic degradation efficiency of the soil.Thirdly,regulating soil enzyme activities:AMF enhance the activities of soil enzymes related to defense and nutrient metabolism,synergistically achieving the dual goals of“alleviating oxidative stress”and“promoting antibiotic decomposition”.Fourthly,inhibiting the spread of antibiotic resistance genes:AMF help stabilize soil microbial community structure,reduce the activity of mobile genetic elements,and block the diffusion pathways of antibiotic resistance genes.However,research in this field still faces significant bottlenecks.Systematic evidence is lacking regarding whether AMF directly participate in the adsorption,transport,or transformation of antibiotics,or whether they secrete specific degrading enzymes.The key signaling molecules through which AMF regulate hyphospheric microbial communities remain unclear,and the molecular mechanisms underlying the enrichment of key degrading bacteria and their antibiotic degradation processes await further elucidation.Future research should focus on the integration of multi-omics technologies,including metabolomics and proteomics,to decipher the catalytic pathways of key enzymes;the directional breeding of AMF strains with high antibiotic degradation efficiency;and the optimization of the AMF-plant-microbe interaction network to achieve precise regulation of the rhizospheric microecosystem.This study has important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the application of AMF inoculants in the remediation of antibiotic-contaminated soils and safeguarding the ecological health of farmland soils.
作者
黄睿思
蔡柏岩
HUANG Ruisi;CAI Baiyan(Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology,Ministry of Education&Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region&Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology,College of Heilongjiang Province&School of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)
出处
《生态毒理学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期62-75,共14页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31972502)
黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2023C088)
黑龙江省生态环境保护科研项目(HST2022TR002)。
关键词
抗生素污染
微生物群落重塑
土壤污染修复
AMF
土壤酶活性
antibiotic pollution
microbial community remodeling
soil pollution remediation
AMF
soil enzyme activity
