摘要
当前社会组织监管法制面临公私权结构性失衡,制度设计层面权力配置整体过度与局部缺位并存,制度实施层面监管不足与干预过度共生等问题,其基础成因在于严格管制传统、监管资源有限以及两者间内在抵牾。鉴于监管法制是社会组织治理的重要一环,其应然定位是“有效治理”,通过确保内部机构成员履职尽责,维护组织自治,并平衡履职尽责与组织自治间潜在张力,来有效实现非营利目的。据此,我国社会组织监管法制转型逻辑应从严格管制转向有效治理,以基于比例监管理念的直接登记或备案型低设立门槛,重点事项、公益目的与规模的差异型监管和支持导向型监管来重塑社会组织监管者权力边界;以基于协同监管理念的标准互通、信息共享与结果互认来优化社会组织监管者间权限配置;以基于协同监督理念的监管者、利害关系人诉讼与检察公益诉讼衔接,监管者与行业组织双向赋能与特定私主体向监管者或行业组织专项反馈来发展社会组织公私监督者间权责关系。
The current regulatory law of social organizations faces a core challenge of structural imbalance between public powers and private rights.At the level of institutional design,excessive concentration of regulatory power coexists with regulatory gaps in specific areas;at the level of implementation,insufficient oversight and excessive intervention emerge simultaneously.This imbalance mainly stems from the legacy of a strict control-oriented regulatory tradition,the limited availability of regulatory resources,and the inherent tension between the two.Given that the regulatory law constitutes a central component of social organization governance,and considering the absence of ownership structures in social organizations,the normative orientation of the regulatory framework should be one of effective governance rather than strict control.Effective governance seeks to ensure that internal organizational actors fulfill their duties,safeguard organizational autonomy,and balance the latent tension between accountability and autonomy,thereby enabling the effective realization of nonprofit purposes.Accordingly,the transformation logic of China’s legal framework for regulating social organizations should not be understood as a simple weakening of government oversight or a mere expansion of regulatory resources.Rather,it entails a shift from strict control toward effective governance.Specifically,it involves redefining the boundary of regulators’public powers through proportionate regulatory approaches,including low-threshold registration or filing system,differentiated regulation based on key activities,public-interest purposes and organizational scale,as well as support-oriented regulation.It also requires optimising the allocation of powers among regulators through standard interoperability,information sharing,and mutual recognitions of results based on the idea of collaborative regulation.Finally,it calls for the development of the rights and obligations between public-private supervisors through combined mechanisms connecting suits of regulators or stakeholders and public-interest litigations,mutual empowerments between regulators and industry organizations,special feedbacks by specific private parties to regulators or industry organizations based on the idea of collaborative supervision.
作者
李德健
Li Dejian(Law School,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014;Institute of Social Law,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014)
出处
《中国行政管理》
北大核心
2025年第11期85-97,共13页
Chinese Public Administration
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划“党的十九届六中全会和省委十四届十次全会精神”研究阐释专项课题“高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区背景下慈善法律政策创新机制研究”(编号:22LLXC10YB)。
关键词
社会组织监管
无所有者治理
严格管制
有效治理
组织自治
regulation of social organizations
governance without owners
strict control
effective governance
organizational autonomy
