摘要
为探究大黄鱼消化系统发育特征,采用连续组织切片技术及酶学方法对1~40日龄大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)各发育阶段消化系统进行组织学观察及主要消化酶活性分析。结果显示,1日龄仔鱼消化道仅由一条原始消化管组成;2日龄,消化系统分化为食道、前肠、后肠、胃原基、肝脏、胰腺和胆囊,口咽腔未贯通;3日龄,消化道贯通,食道内壁出现黏膜褶,消化道上皮细胞开始功能性分化;5日龄,卵黄耗尽,食道肌层增厚,以环肌为主,肠道弯曲,可区分前、中、后肠三部分;9日龄,油球消失,肠道黏膜褶皱加深,肝索与肝窦形成;15日龄,幽门盲囊发育,胃腺数量明显增加;28~40日龄,消化系统各部分主要表现为形态学指标(胃腺数量、杯状细胞数量、肌层厚度、黏膜褶皱高度)增加,结构和功能基本完善。5种消化酶活性在不同发育阶段呈现出不同的变化趋势,碱性磷酸酶、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶活性整体呈波动上升趋势,α-淀粉酶活性呈“W”型变化趋势,脂肪酶活性呈“M”型变化趋势。研究表明,消化系统组织结构的发育在形态和功能上表现出显著的阶段性特征,3日龄仔鱼具备初步摄食能力,15日龄稚鱼消化能力显著提高。研究结果明确了大黄鱼仔稚鱼消化系统的阶段性发育特征,阐明了消化酶活性随发育阶段与饵料转换的动态规律,可为优化苗种饲料配方与饵料投喂策略提供理论依据。
The digestive system is a crucial foundation for the growth,development,and nutrient uptake of fish.To explore the individual developmental characteristics of the digestive system of Larimichthys crocea,this study utilized continuous tissue sectioning and enzymatic methods to observe the histological development and analyze the activity of key digestive enzymes at various developmental stages(1 to 40 days post-hatching).The results showed that at 1 dph,the digestive tract consisted solely of a primitive digestive tube.At 2 dph,the digestive system differentiated into the esophagus,anterior intestine,posterior intestine,incipient stomach,liver,pancreas,and gall bladder,with the buccopharyngeal cavity still not connected.At 3 dph,the digestive tract became patent,with the appearance of mucosal folds in the esophagus and functional differentiation of the epithelial cells.At 5 dph,the yolk was depleted,and the muscle layer of the esophagus thickened with predominantly circular muscle,while the intestines began to coil,with the anterior intestine,middle intestine,and posterior intestine becoming distinguishable.At 9 dph,the oil globules disappeared,and the intestinal mucosal folds deepened,with the formation of hepatic cell cords and hepatic sinusoids.At 15 dph,the pyloric caecum developed,and number of gastric glands significantly increased.From 28 dph to 40 dph,the main morphological indicators of the digestive system,including the number of gastric glands,mucous cells,muscle layer thickness,and mucosal fold height,showed significant increases,with structural and functional development approaching completion.The activities of five digestive enzymes exhibited distinct trends at different developmental stages:trypsin,alkaline phosphatase,and pepsin activities generally showed a fluctuating upward trend,amylase activity followed a“W”shaped pattern,and lipase activity displayed an“M”shaped trend.This study demonstrates that the development of the digestive system’s structure and function exhibits significant stage-specific characteristics,with larvae possessing initial feeding abilities at 3 dph and juvenile fish exhibiting significantly enhanced digestive capabilities at 15 dph.The findings clarify the developmental stages of the digestive system in L.crocea larvae and demonstrates the dynamic changes in digestive enzyme activity in relation to development and diet.The results underscore the critical importance of these enzymes in early-life digestion,thereby providing a scientific basis for refining hatchery feed formulations and feeding strategies.
作者
李莉珍
宋炜
徐豪
吉群
韩旭磊
黄少聪
白志毅
LI Lizhen;SONG Wei;XU Hao;JI Qun;HAN Xulei;HUANG Shaocong;BAI Zhiyi(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao Shandong 266237,China)
出处
《海洋渔业》
北大核心
2026年第1期32-43,共12页
Marine Fisheries
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2401102,2023YFC2812105)
宁德市产学研合作项目(2025C002)
青岛海洋科技中心山东省专项经费(2022QNLM30001)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD76)。
关键词
大黄鱼
仔稚鱼
消化系统
组织学
消化酶
Larimichthys crocea
larval and juvenile fish
digestive system
histology
digestive enzyme
