摘要
日照时数是地面气象观测要素之一。2018年起,我国2 435个国家地面气象观测站已全部由人工观测仪器升级为光电式数字日照计实现自动观测。为满足省级气象部门日照时数计量需求,研制了日照时数传感器自动化核查装置。该装置以2台宽光谱太阳辐射计为计量标准器,具备自动指北定位、自动水平调节、自动数据采集处理等功能,可实现日照计室外核查。实验结果表明:标准器直接辐照度测量误差在±10%内,2台标准器一致性介于±5%间;被测日照计日照时数测量误差符合中国气象局技术规范要求(±1 h/d或±10%/d,取较大者),扩展不确定度U=0.45 h(k=2)。此外,晴朗天气测量结果一致性好,标准偏差在0.09 h内;多云天气对检测影响大,测量误差可高于平均测量误差0.79 h。
The duration of sunshine is one of the key elements in surface meteorological observations.Since 2018,all 2435 national ground meteorological observation stations in China have been upgraded from manual observation instruments to photoelectric digital sunshine meters for automatic observations.Aiming at the demand of sunshine hours measurement in provincial meteorological departments,an automatic verification device of sunshine hours sensor is developed.The device uses two wide spectrum solar radiometers as measuring standards,and has the functions of automatic north pointing,automatic level adjustment,automatic data acquisition and processing,which can realize the outdoor verification of sensors.The experimental results show that the direct irradiance measurement error of the standard is within±10%,and the consistency between the two tandards ranges between±5%;The measurement error of the measured sunshine hours by the sunshine meter meets the technical specifications of the China Meteorological Administration(±1 h/d or±10%/d,whichever is larger),and the expanded uncertainty U is 0.45 h(k=2).In addition,the measurement results of clear weather have good consistency,with a standard deviation within 0.09 h;Cloudy weather has a significant impact on detection,and measurement errors can be higher than the average measurement error by 0.79 h.
作者
王敏
张世国
方海涛
王凯
王毛翠
汪玮
章超
WANG Min;ZHANG Shiguo;FAGN Haitao;WANG Kai;WANG Maocui;WANG Wei;ZHANG Chao(Anhui Atmospheric Observation and Technical Support Center,Hefei,Anhui 230031,China;Meteorological Metrology Verification Station in Anhui Province,Hefei,Anhui 230031,China;Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130033,China)
出处
《计量学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期49-56,共8页
Acta Metrologica Sinica
基金
中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J06)
中国气象局大气探测重点开放实验室开放课题(2022KLAS04Z)。
关键词
气象计量学
日照时数
光电式数字日照计
核查装置
示值误差
meteorological metrology
sunshine duration
photoelectric digital sunshine meter
verification device
indication error
