摘要
利用逐时自动气象站和浮标站海洋气象观测资料、空气质量监测数据及ERA5再分析资料等,结合HYSPLIT轨迹模式结果,对山东半岛南部近海弱冷空气影响结束后海雾快速形成机制进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次海雾发生于地面弱冷空气向暖湿气流过渡阶段,属均压场型平流雾,岸滨附近海雾因辐射作用叠加,兼具平流辐射雾特征。(2)逆温层的建立主要由夜间近地面层辐射降温、辅以975 hPa暖平流增温效应共同促成。(3)海风效应、湍流热量交换以及夜间辐射降温的协同作用,促进大气降温增湿,为海雾生成提供了必要的湿度条件。海上高湿条件下,气溶胶颗粒物质量浓度的升高导致远离岸滨海域能见度下降,促使轻雾发展为浓雾。(4)弱冷空气除具有降温增湿作用外,还将气溶胶颗粒物输送到山东半岛南部沿海地区,同时为海风环流提供了有利的弱环流背景场条件,海陆风辐合线为气溶胶颗粒物积聚创造有利条件。
Based on hourly observations of marine meteorological elements from automatic weather stations and buoys,air quality monitoring data and ERA5 reanalysis data,combined with the results of the HYSPLIT trajectory model,this study analyzes the rapid formation mechanism of sea fog over the coastal waters south of the Shandong Peninsula after the influence of weak cold air.The results are as follows.(1)The sea fog event occurs during the transitional phase when the surface weak cold air is replaced by warm and moist air,and belongs to the isobaric-field advection fog type.The sea fog near the coast is also affected by radiative cooling,thus exhibiting the characteristics of advection-radiation fog.(2)The establishment of the temperature inversion layer is mainly caused by radiative cooling in the near-surface layer at night,supplemented by the warming effect of the warm advection at 975 hPa.(3)The synergistic effects of sea breeze,turbulent heat exchange and nocturnal radiative cooling promote the atmospheric cooling and moistening,providing the necessary humidity conditions for sea fog formation.Under high humidity conditions over the sea,the increased mass concentrations of aerosol particles lead to reduced visibility in offshore areas away from the coast,facilitating the development of light fog into dense fog.(4)In addition to its cooling and moistening effects,the weak cold air transports aerosol particles to the coastal waters south of the Shandong Peninsula.Meanwhile,it provides a favorable weak circulation background for the sea breeze circulation,and the sea-land breeze convergence line creates advantageous conditions for the accumulation of aerosol particles.
作者
高荣珍
时晓鏤
丛春华
郝燕
GAO Rongzhen;SHI Xiaomeng;CONG Chunhua;HAO Yan(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031,China;Qingdao Meteorological Observatory(Qingdao Marine Meteorological Observatory),Qingdao 266003,China;Shandong Meteorological Observatory,Jinan 250031,China)
出处
《海洋气象学报》
2026年第1期43-54,共12页
Journal of Marine Meteorology
基金
山东省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金项目(ZR2024LQX004,ZR2025LQX009)
中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2025Q001)
环渤海区域海洋气象科技协同创新项目(QYXM202412)。
关键词
山东半岛南部近海
海雾
弱冷空气
气溶胶颗粒物
均压场
coastal waters south of the Shandong Peninsula
sea fog
weak cold air
aerosol particle
isobaric field
