摘要
生态功能区划是基于生态系统结构特征、服务功能及空间分布规律,将地理空间划分为不同生态功能单元的过程。生态系统服务功能评价及其空间权衡与协同关系研究,是该过程的重要基础。采用自组织特征映射模型(SOFM)网络,结合Spearman相关性分析和地理加权回归(GWR)模型,对青藏高原的水源涵养、土壤保持、防风固沙、固碳和生物多样性保护五种主要生态系统服务功能进行量化和空间分析。研究结果表明,青藏高原生态系统服务功能在空间分布上存在显著差异。水源涵养、固碳和生物多样性保护功能高值区主要分布于东南部湿润区,土壤保持功能高值区集中在东南部地形陡峭复杂的山区,防风固沙功能高值区则主要位于柴达木盆地、羌塘高原等干旱风沙区。同时,各项服务功能之间存在复杂的协同与权衡关系,水源涵养与固碳功能表现出显著的协同效应,而防风固沙功能与其他生态系统服务功能之间的则存在明显的权衡关系。基于SOFM网络和生态系统服务功能权衡协同关系优化,本研究将青藏高原生态功能分区单元按“就近-协同”原则进行调整,以提高区划内部的功能协调性,最终划定6个一级生态大区和21个二级功能区。该生态功能区划方案可为青藏高原生态保护提供科学依据,并为国家生态功能区划政策优化及重点生态工程精准施策提供支持。
Ecological function regionalization is a crucial and increasingly important approach for delineating geographical space into functionally coherent ecological units,based on the structural characteristics,functional attributes,and spatial organization of ecosystems.The quantitative and systematic evaluation of ecosystem service functions,together with a spatially explicit investigation of their synergistic and antagonistic interactions,forms the essential scientific basis for developing rational and operational ecological regionalization schemes.In this study,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was selected as the primary and representative research region.Five major categories of ecosystem service functions were comprehensively evaluated:water conservation,soil retention,sandstorm prevention,carbon sequestration,and biodiversity conservation.The evaluation was conducted through the application of a Self-Organizing Feature Map(SOFM)network,supplemented by detailed correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression techniques to reveal spatial patterns and interrelationships.The assessment results revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of the five targeted ecosystem service functions.Water conservation,carbon sequestration,and biodiversity conservation exhibited high intensities in the humid,high-altitude southeastern areas of the plateau,where favorable climatic and vegetative conditions prevailed.Soil retention was predominantly concentrated in the steep,topographically complex mountainous zones in the southeastern part of the region,indicating strong geomorphic control.Conversely,sandstorm prevention was most prominent in arid,wind-eroded environments such as the Qaidam Basin and the Qiangtang Plateau.The interrelationships among these ecosystem service functions were characterized by a mixture of trade-offs and synergies.Water conservation and carbon sequestration demonstrated a notably strong synergistic interaction,whereas sandstorm prevention tended to exhibit distinct trade-offs with the remaining service functions.Based on the initial clustering outcomes and the spatial coupling characteristics among the ecosystem service functions,we refined the ecological zoning framework by applying a proximity-oriented and synergy-guided optimization principle.This refinement significantly improved the internal functional coherence and ecological rationality of the resulting zones.As a result,six primary ecological functional regions and twenty-one secondary ecological function zones were delineated,reflecting both biophysical continuity and functional integration.The ecological function regionalization results presented in this study offer an integrated and comprehensive understanding of the spatial configuration and interactive mechanisms of ecosystem service functions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.This outcome not only provides a robust and enduring scientific foundation for ecological protection and sustainable resource management in the region,but also delivers essential,operational,and actionable spatial guidance for optimizing national ecological function zoning,delineating ecological conservation redlines,and precisely implementing major ecological restoration and construction projects in alpine and ecologically fragile environments.
作者
占玥
李九一
周生辉
徐勇
ZHAN Yue;LI Jiuyi;ZHOU Shenghui;XU Yong(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Geographical Sciences,Faculty of Geographical Science and Engineering,Henan University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2026年第3期1578-1594,共17页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0406)。
