摘要
充足主义的健康正义主张人们的健康水平应达到充足门槛,超过门槛后的资源分配将不再具有道德重要性。该主张具备三大优势:能避免运气平等主义的苛刻反驳、能规避功利主义的反直觉结论、能在伤检决策中具备更高效率。充足主义的健康正义现存两种进路:一是能力充足主义,通过核心能力清单界定门槛,并关注不同能力之间的关联性;二是基本需求充足主义,以满足基本需求为底线,强调实践可行性。在双层医疗保险制度和健康寿命延长研究两个案例中,充足主义为分配医疗资源、评估新兴技术伦理提供了兼具道德说服力与实践指导性的伦理框架。
Sufficientarian health justice holds that once a person's health meets a sufficient threshold,further resource distribution loses moral significance.This view offers three key advantages:it avoids the harsh critiques faced by luck egalitarianism,circumvents counterintuitive outcomes of utilitarianism,and supports more efficient triage decisions.Current sufficientarian theories in health justice fall into two categories:capability sufficientarianism,which defines the threshold through interconnected core capabilities,and basic-needs sufficientarianism,which takes the satisfaction of basic needs as a minimum standard and highlights practical feasibility.Through two cases,a two-tier medical insurance system and life extension research,sufficientarianism provides an ethical framework for allocating medical resources and evaluating new technologies,combining moral clarity with practical guidance.
作者
陈安邦
CHEN Anbang(College of Politics and Public Administration,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)
出处
《医学与哲学》
北大核心
2026年第3期13-18,共6页
Medicine and Philosophy
基金
2023年中共中央宣传部“宣传思想文化青年英才”资助项目(2021QNYC011)。
关键词
健康正义
充足主义
双层医疗保险制度
寿命延长研究
health justice
sufficientarianism
two-tiered medical insurance system
life extension research
