摘要
为了探究不同生境条件对杂交构树生长及产量的影响,在低海拔平坝地(600 m)、低海拔退耕坡地(600 m)、低海拔石漠化地(600 m)、中海拔平坝地(1170 m)、高海拔平坝地(1460 m)设置试验点,以“科构101号”杂交构树为试验材料,本地构树和饲料桑为对照,采用随机区组试验设计,测定叶茎比、株高、分枝数及产量等农艺性状指标,分析参试植物的农艺性状特征、丰产性及稳定性差异。结果表明,海拔和立地条件对植物生长影响显著。低海拔环境下杂交构树生长速度快,1年可刈割3次;中、高海拔环境下,杂交构树生长周期延长,1年仅能刈割2次,产量大幅下降。低海拔平坝地和退耕坡地杂交构树的株高及分枝数均较高,生长态势良好;而石漠化地杂交构树生长情况较差。在产量方面,生境条件、植物种类及两者交互作用差异极显著。杂交构树在低海拔平坝地和退耕坡地产量相对较好,但平均产量仅为22311.71 kg/hm^(2),丰产效应值较低,且方差和变异度较大,丰产性和稳定性欠佳,不适合在较高海拔地区种植。本地构树对当地不同海拔及土壤条件下适应性良好,产量较稳定。饲料桑平均产量高达27765.53 kg/hm^(2),且方差和变异度最小,稳定性最佳,在多个生境下表现较好,尤其在中海拔平坝地优势明显。杂交构树生境依赖特性明显,在低海拔平坝地和退耕坡地生长状态与产量表现良好,适宜在这些区域推广种植。
To investigate the effects of different habitat conditions on the growth and yield of hybrid paper mulberry(Brousson⁃etia papyrifera),experimental sites were established at low altitude flat land(600 m),low altitude sloping farmland(600 m),low altitude rocky desertified land(600 m),mid altitude flat land(1170 m),and high altitude flat land(1460 m).Using the hybrid paper mulberry variety'Kegou 101'as the test material,with local paper mulberry and forage mulberry as controls,a randomized block experimental design was adopted to measure agronomic traits such as leaf to stem ratio,plant height,branch number,and yield.The agronomic characteristics,productivity,and stability differences among the tested plants were analyzed.The results showed that altitude and site conditions significantly affected plant growth.Under low altitude condi⁃tions,hybrid paper mulberry exhibited fast growth and could be harvested three times per year.In mid and high altitude environments,the growth cycle of hybrid paper mulberry was prolonged,with only two harvests possible per year,leading to a sig⁃nificant decline in yield.At low altitudes,hybrid paper mulberry grown on flat land and sloping farmland demonstrated higher plant height and branch numbers,indicating favorable growth,whereas growth was poorer on rocky desertified land.In terms of yield,habitat conditions,plant species,and their interaction showed highly significant differences.Hybrid paper mulberry performed relatively well in low-altitude flat land and sloping farmland,with an average yield of only 22311.71 kg/hm^(2),a low productivity effect value,high variance and variability,and suboptimal productivity and stability,making it unsuit⁃able for cultivation in higher altitude regions.Local paper mulberry adapted well to different altitudes and soil conditions,ex⁃hibiting stable yields.Forage mulberry achieved the highest average yield of 27765.53 kg/hm^(2),with the lowest variance and variability,demonstrating the best stability and performing well across multiple habitats,particularly excelling in midaltitude flat land.Hybrid paper mulberry exhibited significant habitat dependence,showing favorable growth and yield perfor⁃mance in low altitude flat land and sloping farmland,making it suitable for promotion in these areas.
作者
陈彦伶
田雄
邹晓敏
张坤
刘凤丹
熊先勤
陈光吉
尚以顺
陈才俊
陈强
李世歌
骆金红
CHEN Yanling;TIAN Xiong;ZOU Xiaomin;ZHANG Kun;LIU Fengdan;XIONG Xianqin;CHEN Guangji;SHANG Yishun;CHEN Caijun;CHEN Qiang;LI Shige;LUO Jinhong(Guizhou Institute of Prataculture,Guiyang 550006,China;Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Service Center,Wuchuan Guizhou 564399,China;Guizhou Sunshine Grass Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dushan Guizhou 558200,China)
出处
《耕作与栽培》
2025年第12期38-44,共7页
Tillage and Cultivation
基金
中央引导地方科技发展资金(黔科合中引地〔2023〕015)
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2019〕2355)
科研机构创新能力建设专项资金(黔科合服企〔2022〕004)。
关键词
杂交构树
海拔
立地条件
产量
适应性
Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera
altitude
site conditions
yield
adaptability
