摘要
【目的】为解决茶园土地利用率低、茶叶品质及经济效益不高等问题。【方法】通过茶园田间原位试验了3种多层级立体间作模式,“茶园+栀子+灵芝+金线莲+鼠茅草”(模式1)、“茶园+巴戟天+藿香蓟+血叶兰+鼠茅草”(模式2)、“茶园+紫苏+灵芝+血叶兰+鼠茅草”(模式3),研究对幼龄茶园土壤肥力、病虫草害发生情况以及经济效益的影响。【结果】采用3种多层级立体间作模式均比对照不套种茶园降低了土壤容重和土粒密度,提高了土壤孔隙度;0~10 cm土层有机质含量提高33.00%~42.36%,有效磷含量提高15.10%~24.84%,速效钾含量提高26.64%~43.44%。实施一年后,3种间作模式幼龄茶园的病虫害减少,杂草危害基本消除,生物防治效果较好,总产值均高于对照。其中模式2效果较好,净利润最高。【结论】多层级立体间作模式提升了茶园土壤肥力,增加了茶园物种多样性,提高了茶农的经济效益和生态效益,是适合家庭农场“小而精”的生产模式,可为乡村振兴发展提供参考。
【Objective】To address issues such as low land utilization efficiency in tea garden,as well as subpar tea quality and economic benefits.【Method】Three multi-level stereoscopic intercropping modes were tested in tea gardens,to study the effects on soil fertility,occurrence of diseases,pests and weeds in young tea garden and economic benefits.These modes include"Tea garden+Gardenia jasminoides+Ganoderma lucidum+Anoectochilus roxburghii+Vaccinium myrtolophus"(mode 1),"Tea garden+Morinda officinalis+Thistle ageratum+Hedyotis diffusa+Vaccinium myrtolophus"(mode 2),and"Tea garden+Perilla frutescens+Ganoderma lucidum+Hedyotis diffusa+Vaccinium myrtolophus"(mode 3).【Result】The application of all three multi-level stereoscopic intercropping modes resulted in reduced soil bulk density and particle density,along with increased soil porosity,compared to the control tea garden without intercropping.In the 0-10 cm soil layer,organic matter content increased by 33.00%-42.36%,available phosphorus content increased by 15.10%-24.84%,and available potassium content increased by 26.64%-43.44%.After one year of implementation,the young tea garden under the three intercropping models showed a reduction in pest and disease incidence,near-complete elimination of weed infestation,effective biological control,and higher gross income compared to the control.Among the modes,Mode 2 demonstrated the most favorable outcomes and achieved the highest net profit.【Conclusion】The multilevel stereoscopic intercropping modes in tea garden improves the soil fertility,enhances species diversity,and increases the economicand ecological benefits of tea farmers.It is suitable for small-scale,high-quality production mode in family farms and can provide reference for rural revitalization and development.
作者
曾日秋
张泽宏
Zeng Riqiu;Zhang Zehong(Seed Station of Zhangzhou City,Zhangzhou,Fujian363000,China;School of Biological Science and Biotechnology,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363000,China)
出处
《东南园艺》
2025年第6期663-668,共6页
Southeast Horticulture
基金
福建省科技特派员专项资金(漳财教指〔2024〕28号、漳财教指〔2025〕26号)
漳州市自然基金项目(ZZ2025JH46)。
关键词
幼龄茶园
立体间作
周年循环
土壤肥力
经济效益
young tea garden
stereoscopic intercropping
anniversary cycle
soil fertility
economic benefits
