摘要
[目的]筛选适宜的废弃矿区复绿种植植物,为花岗岩废弃矿区的生态修复提供技术支持和实践依据。[方法]观测废弃矿区复绿种植的14种植物的植株性状,调查种植当年生长量及成活率,以及第3年保存率、覆盖率等,评价其综合生长表现。[结果]4种乔木类复绿植物中,木麻黄与银叶金合欢的生长速度快、侧枝多覆盖度高,3年保存率均超过70%,表现最好;7种灌木植物中,类芦、车桑子、桃金娘的保存率高,表现良好;3种草本植物中,狗牙根的覆盖率最高,为79.3%,能形成稳定的植被覆盖。生长表现中木麻黄、类芦、狗牙根等乡土树种最好。[结论]综合植株的生长表现,木麻黄、银叶金合欢、类芦、车桑子、狗牙根是适合花岗岩废弃矿区复绿的植物种类。
【Objective】This study screens appropriate revegetation plants for abandoned mining areas so as to establish both a technical and practical basis for restoring abandoned granite mining area.【Method】The plant traits of 14 revegetation species planted in the abandoned mining area were observed.Their growth increment and survival rate in the establishment year,along with preservation rate and coverage in the third year,were investigated to evaluate their overall growth performance.【Result】Among the four tree species selected for revegetation,Casuarina equisetifolia and Vachellia farnesiana demonstrated the best overall performance.They exhibited rapid growth,abundant lateral branching,and high ground coverage.Both species maintained a preservation rate exceeding 70%after three years.Among the seven shrub species,Neyraudia reynaudiana,Dodonaea viscosa,and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa showed favorable performance with high preservation rates.Of the three herbaceous species,Cynodon dactylon achieved the highest coverage rate at 79.3%,indicating its capacity to form a stable vegetation layer.In summary,native species such as Casuarina equisetifolia,Neyraudia reynaudiana,and Cynodon dactylon exhibited the most superior growth performance across all categories.【Conclusion】Based on a comprehensive evaluation of plant growth performance,Casuarina equisetifolia,Vachellia farnesiana,Neyraudia reynaudiana,Dodonaea viscosa,and Cynodon dactylon are recommended as suitable species for revegetation in abandoned granite mining area.
作者
潘海华
Pan Haihua(Quanzhou Qiyuan Landscape Greening Engineering Co.,Ltd.Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China)
出处
《东南园艺》
2025年第6期615-620,共6页
Southeast Horticulture
关键词
废弃矿区
复绿植物
保存率
覆盖率
生态修复
abandoned mining areas
revegetation plants
survival rate
coverage rate
ecological restoration
