摘要
系统研究了木材智能响应材料的设计原理、制备技术及其在多种环境刺激(如pH、光、热、湿度、机械力及磁场)下的动态响应机制。通过化学改性与仿生合成技术,木材复合材料可实现对不同外界刺激的自适应调控,例如:pH敏感木材用于食品新鲜度实时监测,光响应透明木材实现智能窗户光热性能调节,机械响应木材传感器通过电阻变化检测压力应变。研究揭示了木材天然管孔结构与亲水官能团是智能响应性的物质基础,改性工艺可显著提升响应灵敏度与功能多样性。尽管国内在光热响应、自修复木材等领域取得突破,但跨学科协同不足、复合工艺界面结合弱、成本高等问题仍限制产业化进程。提出未来需融合纳米技术、人工智能及大数据分析,开发多重响应协同、高稳定性的智能木材,并通过工艺优化与产业链整合拓展其在智能家居、柔性电子等领域的应用,为木材资源高值化利用提供理论依据与技术路径。
This paper was systematically conducted to study the design principles,preparation techniques of wood intelligent response materials,and their dynamic response mechanisms under various environmental stimuli(such as pH,light,heat,humidity,mechanical force,and magnetic field).Through chemical modification and biomimetic synthesis technologies,wood-based composites was enabled to achieve adaptive regulation in response to different external stimuli.For example,pH-sensitive wood was used for real-time monitoring of food freshness,light-responsive transparent wood was applied to adjust the light and heat performance of smart windows,and mechanical response wood sensors were utilized to detect pressure and strain through changes in electrical resistance.The research revealed that the natural pore structure and hydrophilic functional groups of wood were served as the material basis for its intelligent responsiveness,and modification processes could significantly enhance response sensitivity and functional diversity.Although domestic research had achieved breakthroughs in areas such as light and heat-responsive and self-healing wood,issues such as insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration,weak interfacial bonding in composite processes,and high costs were still considered to limit the industrialization process.This paper proposed that in the future,it would be necessary to integrate nanotechnology,artificial intelligence,and big data analysis to be integrated to develop intelligent wood with multiple response synergies and high stability.Additionally,through process optimization and industrial chain integration,its applications in smart homes,flexible electronics,and other fields should be expanded,with a theoretical basis and technical approach provided for the high-value utilization of wood resources.
作者
王弈璇
吴智慧
WANG Yixuan;WU Zhihui(Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,P.R.China)
出处
《林产工业》
北大核心
2026年第2期75-80,共6页
China Forest Products Industry
基金
教育部2021年产学合作协同育人项目“智能制造背景下家具设计与工程专业转型升级思路探索与实践”(202101148002)。
关键词
木材
智能响应
研究现状
木材性能
化学改性
Wood
Intelligent response
Research status
Wood property
Chemical modification
