摘要
本文介绍了红外感知技术在“向上看”的深空探测与“向下看”的对地观测两大领域的发展脉络和前沿挑战。在深空探测方面,以詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜(James Webb Space Telescope, JWST)为代表,该技术正通过超大口径、甚长波段和超低温制冷等手段,不断逼近观测的物理极限,并致力于揭示宇宙早期的历史奥秘。阐述了对地观测领域不同时期搭载于各类卫星的红外探测载荷的主要发展过程及其代表性和特色。红外对地观测技术从过去宽幅下的低空间分辨率和少量波段,向着空谱大范围下的时-空-谱-辐分辨率提升迈进。大口径低背景光学、长波长高灵敏度探测器、片上智能感知、大数据孪生系统等新型技术,以及通导遥一体的“即时遥感”和商业航天的大规模发展,将助力构建“红外数字地球”底座,增强人类对地球多圈层异常事件以及各种复杂循环过程演变的实时认知和精准预测,推动红外对地观测技术走向大众化应用。
This article reviews the development and frontier challenges of infrared sensing technology in two major domains:"looking upward"for deep space exploration and"looking downward"for Earth observation.In deep space exploration,represented by the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST),this technology is constantly approaching the physical limits of observation through methods such as ultra-large apertures,very long wavelength band,and ultra-low temperature cooling,aiming to reveal the mysteries of the early universe.The article also elucidates the primary evolution of infrared detection payloads aboard various satellites across different eras,highlighting their representativeness and characteristics.Infrared Earth observation technology has progressed from low spatial resolution and a limited number of bands over a wide swath to improved temporal,spatial,spectral,and radiometric resolution over broad spatial and spectral ranges.New technologies such as large-aperture low-background optics,long-wavelength high-sensitivity detectors,on-chip intelligent sensing,and big data twin systems,as well as the large-scale development of"real-time remote sensing"integrating communication,navigation,and remote sensing,and commercial aerospace,will help build the foundation of"Infrared Digital Earth",enhance human beings′real-time understanding and accurate prediction of the evolution of anomalous events in the Earth′s multi-spheres and various complex cyclic processes,promoting the popularization of infrared Earth observation technology.
作者
刘银年
LIU Yin-nian(Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200083,China;National Key Laboratory of Infrared Science and Technology,Shanghai 200083,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《红外》
2026年第1期1-16,共16页
Infrared
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3902000)
国家自然科学基金重大项目(42192582)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB0580000)。
关键词
红外前沿
深空探测
对地观测
卫星载荷
数字地球
infrared frontier
deep space exploration
earth observation
satellite payload
digital Earth
