摘要
为应对设施农业废弃物处理与栽培基质开发的双重挑战,探索农业废弃物高效循环利用路径。通过微生物堆肥发酵技术,利用废弃椰糠和蔬菜秸秆得到再生椰糠,并将其与商品椰糠按体积比10∶0、7∶3、5∶5、3∶7、0∶10(A1~A5处理)配制成5种复配基质,以商品育苗基质(草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=7V∶2V∶1V)为对照(CK),系统评估堆肥发酵效果、再生椰糠理化性质及养分含量变化,及其对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)全生育期生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明:A1、A2处理复配基质理化性质与理想基质更接近,黄瓜苗期A2处理较CK显著提升了株高(19.4%)和地上部鲜质量(26.2%),A2处理的地下部鲜质量、根长均显著高于除CK外的其他处理;黄瓜盛果期A2处理单株产量达2915.66 g,较A5处理增产51.2%,差异显著,果实可溶性糖、可溶性固形物及VC含量均显著高于A5处理,但硝酸盐积累量较高,达325.30 mg·kg^(-1);主成分分析显示,A2处理苗期指标综合得分(0.891)仅次于CK(1.206),其根、冠生长发育相关主成分得分最高,同时A2处理盛果期指标综合得分也最高(2.711),主要体现在促进地上部生长和果实品质提升方面;成本方面,A2处理综合成本较商品椰糠降低32.3%。综上所述,A2处理,即再生椰糠∶商品椰糠=7V∶3V的复配基质可替代传统商品基质用于黄瓜无土栽培,可以在生产中推广应用。
To address the dual challenges of agricultural waste management and cultivation substrate development in facility-based horticulture,this study employed microbial-assisted composting to recycle waste coconut coir and vegetable straw into value-added substrates.Five substrate blends were prepared by mixing the fermented product with commercial coconut coir at volume ratios of 10∶0,7∶3,5∶5,3∶7,and 0∶10(treatments A1-A5).A commercial substrate(peat∶vermiculite∶perlite=7V∶2V∶1V)was used as the control(CK).We systematically evaluated the composting performance,physicochemical and nutritional properties of the recycled coir,as well as its effects on growth and fruit quality of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)throughout the entire growth cycle.The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the A1 and A2 composite substrates most closely resembled those of an ideal substrate.At the seedling stage,plant height and shoot fresh weight in A2 increased significantly by 19.4%and 26.2%,respectively,compared to CK.The root fresh weight and root length in A2 were both significantly greater than that in all other treatments,with the exception of CK.At the fruiting stage,the yield per plant under A2 reached 2915.66 g,increased 51.2%compared to A5.The soluble sugar,soluble solids,and vitamin C content of fruits in A2 were significantly higher than those in A5,although nitrate accumulation was also higher(325.30 mg·kg^(-1)).Principal component analysis indicated that A2 ranked second in comprehensive score for seedling-stage indicators(0.891),behind CK(1.206),and achieved the highest score in root-shoot development-related components.Moreover,A2 received the highest comprehensive score(2.711)for fruiting-stage indicators,reflecting its positive effects on shoot growth and fruit quality.The comprehensive cost of A2 was 32.3%lower than that of commercial coconut coir.In conclusion,the A2 composite substrate(recycled coconut coir:commercial coconut coir=7V∶3V)can effectively replace traditional commercial substrates in cucumber soilless cultivation and is suitable for large-scale application.
作者
杨硕
刘志新
张洪亮
郑丽
夏文娟
邱首哲
杨其保
唐燕梅
柳威
施仕胜
陈德林
黄远
徐绳武
YANG Shuo;LIU Zhixin;ZHANG Hongliang;ZHENG Li;XIA Wenjuan;QIU Shouzhe;YANG Qibao;TANG Yanmei;LIU Wei;SHI Shisheng;CHEN Delin;HUANG Yuan;XU Shengwu(Xianning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xianning 437100,Hubei,China;College of Horticulture&Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Guangxi Sericulture Technology Extension Station,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Xianning Wufeng Modern Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd.,Xianning 437099,Hubei,China;Xianning Xiangcheng Specialized Agricultural Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xianning 437100,Hubei,China)
出处
《中国蔬菜》
北大核心
2025年第12期105-115,共11页
China Vegetables
基金
湖北省现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助项目(2024HBSTX4-06)
湖北省“515”院士专家科技服务农业产业链行动项目
广西-东盟果蔬产业技术研究中心项目。
关键词
再生椰糠
农业废弃物
资源化利用
黄瓜
无土栽培
recycled coconut coir
agricultural waste
waste valorization
Cucumis sativus L.
soilless cultivation
