摘要
以黄瓜为试材,采用黄瓜和番茄1年春、秋两茬大棚栽培,秋茬番茄拉秧后设置秸秆原位还田和不还田,翌年春茬种植黄瓜,设置4个处理,秸秆不还田黄瓜追肥1次(CK1)和追肥2次(CK2),秸秆还田黄瓜追肥1次(T1)和追肥2次(T2),采用qPCR和高通量(16S rRNA)技术,研究大棚番茄秸秆还田减施化肥对黄瓜根际细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明:与番茄秸秆不还田(CK1、CK2)处理相比,秸秆还田(T1、T2)处理显著提高了黄瓜根际细菌菌群丰度;黄瓜定植后70 d,与秸秆不还田追肥1次(CK1)处理相比,秸秆还田(T1、T2)处理显著增加了OTUs;PCoA分析表明,秸秆还田与不还田处理黄瓜根际细菌群落结构差异显著。在门水平,黄瓜定植后50 d,与秸秆不还田(CK1、CK2)处理相比,秸秆还田(T1、T2)处理显著增加了放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度。在属水平,黄瓜定植后70 d,与秸秆不还田(CK1、CK2)和秸秆还田追肥2次(T2)处理相比,秸秆还田追肥1次(T1)处理显著增加了席藻菌属(Phormidium)的相对丰度。在OTU水平,与秸秆不还田(CK1、CK2)处理相比,秸秆还田(T1、T2)处理显著增加了潜在溶磷菌OTU9835(Geodermatophilus)、OTU4210(Amycolatopsis)和OTU9806(Flavisolibacter),及潜在纤维素降解菌OTU3880(Rubrobacter)和OTU5007(Thermopolyspora)的相对丰度;与秸秆不还田(CK2)和还田追肥2次(T2)处理相比,秸秆还田追肥1次(T1)处理显著增加了潜在固氮菌OTU9321(Haliangium)、OTU8264(Adhaeribacter)、OTU1834(Roseiflexus)和OTU9168(Sphingomonas)的相对丰度。综上,大棚番茄秸秆还田提高了黄瓜根际细菌丰度,改变了细菌多样性,秸秆还田减施化肥增加了潜在有益菌的相对丰度。
A spring-autumn two-crop rotational greenhouse cultivation pattern of cucumber and tomato was performed,with cucumber as the test material.After pulling tomato seedlings in autumn in the greenhouse,four treatments were carried out,non-returning straw and topdressing once and twice(CK1,CK2),returning straw and topdressing once and twice(T1,T2).The effects of returning tomato straw in greenhouse and reducing fertilizer application on the structure and diversity of the cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing.The results showed that the returning straw significantly increased the abundance of cucumber rhizosphere bacterial communities compared with the non-returning straw.At 70 days after cucumber transplantation,the returning straw treatments significantly increased the number of OTUs compared with the non-returning treatments.PCoA analysis indicated significant differences in the rhizosphere bacterial community structure between returning straw and non-returning treatments.At the phylum level,the returning straw treatments(T1,T2)significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria compared with the non-returning treatments at 50 days after cucumber transplantation.At the genus level,the returning straw and topdressing once(T1)significantly increased the relative abundance of Phormidium compared with the non-returning treatments(CK1,CK2)and the returning straw and topdressing twice(T2)at 70 days after transplantation.At the OTU level,compared with non-returning straw treatments,returning straw significantly increased the relative abundances of potential phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria OTU9835(Geodermatophilus),OTU4210(Amycolatopsis),OTU9806(Flavisolibacter),and potential cellulose-degrading bacteria OTU3880(Rubrobacter)and OTU5007(Thermopolyspora).Compared with non-returning straw and topdressing twice(CK2)and returning straw and topdressing twice(T2),the returning straw and topdressing once(T1)significantly increased the relative abundances of potential nitrogen-fixing bacteria OTU9321(Haliangium),OTU8264(Adhaeribacter),OTU1834(Roseiflexus),and OTU9168(Sphingomonas).In conclusion,returning tomato straw in greenhouse increased the abundance of cucumber rhizosphere bacteria and altered bacterial diversity.Returning straw combined with reducing fertilizer application increased the relative abundances of potential beneficial bacteria.
作者
苗稳
王慧敏
张秀
牛清洁
厉晓英
张宜轩
刘凤华
刘守伟
吴凤芝
MIAO Wen;WANG Huimin;ZHANG Xiu;NIU Qingjie;LI Xiaoying;ZHANG Yixuan;LIU Fenghua;LIU Shouwei;WU Fengzhi(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China)
出处
《中国蔬菜》
北大核心
2025年第12期93-104,共12页
China Vegetables
基金
黑龙江省庭院经济技术协同创新推广体系项目。
关键词
秸秆还田
黄瓜
土壤微生物
高通量
returning straw
cucumber
soil microorganism
high throughput
