摘要
针对大白菜起垄移栽环节人工成本高的问题,研究匹配机械化移栽的壮苗标准与高效育苗技术,优化与移栽机械配套的种植模式,为大白菜机械化生产优化提供技术支撑。以北京新3号和京春娃3号为研究对象,通过分析4种不同孔穴规格穴盘(72、105、128、200孔)及微生物菌剂(枯草芽孢杆菌)施用对幼苗生长、壮苗指数和机械移栽适应性的影响,筛选出适配机械化移栽的大白菜育苗方案。结果表明:穴盘规格显著影响大白菜幼苗成苗质量,72孔穴盘显著促进京春娃3号的地上部生长和壮苗指数,叶面积较128孔穴盘提高28.3%,壮苗指数较200孔穴盘提高39.8%,但根系包裹基质成坨时间较200孔穴延迟6 d;200孔穴盘的地上部发育受到抑制,但根冠比显著优于其他处理,在出苗18 d后的根系成坨性能够满足机械化移栽要求。不同规格穴盘育苗对北京新3号的影响与京春娃3号基本相同。同种规格穴盘,添加菌剂处理总体呈现促进根系成长、提高壮苗指数和加快根系包裹基质成坨进程的作用,如128孔穴盘的移栽合格率从30%升至90%,200孔穴盘的壮苗指数提升了45%。综合考虑经济性和移栽适应性,大白菜采用200孔穴盘+基质添加菌剂组合,不仅将育苗周期缩短至18 d,其单位面积育苗量提升177%,显著降低育苗成本,推荐作为人工投放式机械化移栽的大白菜育苗方案。
This study focuses on the ridge transplantation process with high labor costs,investigating robust seedling standards and efficient nursery techniques compatible with mechanical transplantation,as well as optimizing existing cultivation patterns for mechanized transplantation,thereby providing technical support for enhancing mechanized Chinese cabbage production.Using‘Beijing New No.3’and‘Jingchunwa No.3’as experimental subjects,through analyzing the effects of four different cell tray specifications(72,105,128,and 200 cells)and microbial agent(Bacillus subtilis)application on seedling growth,robust seedling index,and mechanical transplantation adaptability,a nursery solution suitable for mechanized transplantation of Chinese cabbage was identified,facilitating mechanized production.Results indicate that cell tray specifications significantly influence seedling quality.The 72-cell tray notably promoted aboveground growth and robust seedling index in‘Jingchunwa No.3’,with leaf area increasing by approximately 28.3%compared to the 128-cell tray and robust seedling index improving by 39.8%compared to the 200-cell tray,though root ball formation was delayed by 6 days.The 200-cell tray exhibited inhibited upper development but significantly superior root-to-shoot ratio compared to other treatments,with root ball formation meeting mechanical transplantation requirements 18 days after emergence.The impact of different cell specifications on‘Beijing New No.3’was fundamentally similar to that on‘Jingchunwa No.3’.For the same cell specification,microbial agent application generally promoted root growth,enhanced robust seedling index,and accelerated root ball formation.For instance,the qualified rate of root ball integrity in 128-cell trays increased from 30%to 90%,while the robust seedling index in 200-cell trays improved by 45%.Considering both economic efficiency and transplanting adaptability,the 200-hole plug tray combined with a substrate supplemented with microbial agents not only shortens the seedling cycle to 18 days,but also increases the seedling quantity per unit area by 177%.At the same time,it significantly reduced the seedling production cost.Therefore,this approach is recommended as the Chinese cabbage seedling production scheme for mechanical transplanting with manual seedling placement.
作者
东东
谢越
潘曦
崔友林
高丽红
DONG Dong;XIE Yue;PAN Xi;CUI Youlin;GAO Lihong(College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Development Regulation for Protected Vegetables,Beijing 100193,China;Information Technology Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)
出处
《中国蔬菜》
北大核心
2025年第12期85-92,共8页
China Vegetables
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2001201)
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-23)。
关键词
大白菜
穴盘规格
菌剂
幼苗质量
机械化移栽
Chinese cabbage
plug tray size
microbial inoculant
seedling quality
mechanized transplanting
