摘要
在我国民族聚居区的关键交汇地带,保存着诸多民族文化交融的历史案例,这些案例为理解中华民族共同体意识的历史积淀与各民族交往交流交融进程提供了宝贵经验。位于西藏边坝的夏贡拉山,是汉藏交通史上的一座名山。该山呈现出本地信仰中的“夏贡拉山神”与清廷推崇的“丹达山神”共居于同一山体的文化图景,构筑了两个山神和谐并存的精神空间。当地民众通过在丹达庙中供奉莲花生大师像,逐渐接纳并融合清廷所倡“丹达山神”的权威与神性,强化了对王朝国家的认同,促进了汉藏文化的整合。随着“丹达山神”信仰的传播,清人将夏贡拉山称为“丹达山”,但这一称谓并未取代本地山名。此外,因山势险峻、道路艰危,汉藏旅行者共同赋予此山“赴藏第一险”的文化标识,丰富了其交通与文化意涵。夏贡拉山的个案从微观层面揭示了历史上汉藏民族之间文化整合的具体过程,展现了中华民族共同体形成的生动历史基础,对推动民族交融、铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要的借鉴与启示意义。
In key connecting areas within China's ethnic regions,numerous vivid examples of ethnic cultural integration can be observed.These historical cases provide valuable historical experience and cultural foundations for reinforcing the sense of community for the Chinese nation as well as promoting communication,interactions,and integration among all ethnic groups.Located in Bianba,Xizang,Shargang La Mountain is a renowned peak in the history of Han-Zang transportation and was a crucial pass on the historical route from Sichuan and Yunnan into Xizang.Facilitated by the spatial dynamics and traffic flow along this mountainous path,a series of cultural integrations and symbolic meanings have been ascribed to this mountain through shared space and symbolic construction,thus reflecting a blending of Han and Tibetan cultures.From this case study,the following insights have been derived:First,the“Shargang La Mountain Deity,”which is rooted in the pilgrimage narrative of the“Three Khampa Brothers,”represents a local mountain deity.In contrast,the“Danda Mountain Deity,”emanating from the martyrdom of Military Consultant Peng Yuanchen,reflects imperial involvement in local mountain deity worship.Both deities established their presence on the mountain through“events”that occurred during travels,illustrating the borrowing and sharing of mountain space between local and state influences.Second,in the Danda Temple,the Qing court enshrined the statue of Military Consultant Peng Yuanchen,thereby progressively deifying and elevating his status.Concurrently,local Tibetans proactively placed a statue of Padmasambhava within the temple,illustrating a gradual embrace of the court-introduced“Danda Mountain Deity,”thereby strengthening identification with the dynastic state.This demonstrates a folk mechanism of cultural integration,evolving from a shared spatial use of the mountain path and temple to a deeper mutual acculturation between Han and Tibetan traditions.Finally,the coexistence of the designations“Shargang La Mountain”and“Danda Mountain”for the same peak did not result in a“metabolic”replacement of toponyms.Instead,both names have been preserved inclusively,ultimately integrating Shargang La Mountain(Danda Mountain)through various expressions as the“First Peril on the Journey to Xizang”in travel lore.This phenomenon reflects an integration process where Han and Tibetan cultures progressed from spatial coexistence to symbolic sharing.While the case of Shargang La Mountain provides a micro-level perspective,it reflects a relatively comprehensive process of continues adaptation and integration between Han and Tibetan cultures.It also reveals a collaborative mechanism involving both official and folk efforts.This process demonstrates that cultural integration between ethnic peoples is not only achieved by the efforts of a single ethnicity,nor is it necessarily constructed exclusively by official forces.Instead,through the lens of bidirectional cultural influence,collaboration among official entities,folk entities,and multiple ethnic groups,can yield an integration characterized by statements like“you are in me,and I am in you,”“each appreciating its own beauty,”and ultimately“appreciating each other's beauty together.”Thus,the analysis of the Shargang La Mountain case enriches our understanding of the historical process of cultural integration between the Han and Tibetan peoples.It also reveals concrete historical foundations of the formation of the Chinese national community,offering reference and inspiration for contemporary ethnic integration and the construction of the Chinese national community.
作者
公秋旦次
周大鸣
Gongqiu Danci;Zhou Daming(Academy of Chinese National Community,Xizang University,Lhasa,850000,Xizang,China;School of Law and Sociology,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,650500,Yunnan,China;Center for Immigration and Ethnic Studies,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,518107,Guangdong,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
北大核心
2026年第2期50-59,148,共11页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“清代涉藏多语种碑刻与文献研究”(23&ZD202)
国家社会科学基金青年项目“茶马古道与滇藏文学百年流变研究(1889-2025)”(25CZW101)阶段性成果。
关键词
夏贡拉山
彭元辰参军
丹达山神
文化交融
Shargang La Mountain
Military Officer Peng Yuanchen
Danda Mountain Deity
cultural integration
