摘要
γ射线屏蔽材料在核能、医疗和航空航天等领域具有重要的应用价值。传统铅基材料虽然具备优异的屏蔽性能,但其存在密度高、毒性和柔性不足等问题,限制了其在轻量化和绿色化中的应用。近年来,复合材料因其低密度、良好的可加工性以及性能可调控等特点,逐渐成为研究热点。本文系统综述了轻量化γ射线屏蔽复合材料的研究进展,从基体类型、填料尺寸和结构优化3个方面,总结了不同设计策略的特点与不足,并进一步探讨了阻燃、电磁屏蔽及绿色可持续性等多功能设计的新趋势。可见,γ射线屏蔽复合材料轻量化设计已取得积极进展,但该类材料仍面临屏蔽效率与力学性能之间平衡不足、填料分散性差以及工程化应用受限等问题。未来研究应致力于多功能设计,推动绿色可持续方案的发展,并加强规模化制备技术的创新,从而为应对复杂辐射环境下的防护需求提供新思路。
γray shielding materials have important application value in fields such as nuclear energy,medical treatment,and aerospace.Although traditional lead-based materials exhibit excellent shielding performance,their high density,toxicity,and insufficient flexibility,which limits their application in lightweight and environmentally friendly designs.In recent years,composite materials have attracted growing research interest due to their low density,good processability,and tunable properties.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in lightweightγray shielding composites,with a focus on three key aspects:matrix types,filler size,and structural optimization.The characteristics and limitations of various design strategies were discussed,along with emerging trends in multifunctional designs such as flame retardancy,electromagnetic shielding,and green sustainability.Significant progress has been made in the lightweight design ofγray shielding composites;however,challenges remain regarding the balance between shielding efficiency and mechanical properties,poor filler dispersion,and limitations in engineering applications.Future research should focus on integrated multifunctional design,promote the development of green and sustainable solutions,and advance scalable fabrication techniques,thereby providing new strategies for protection in complex radiation environments.
作者
周娜
王倩文
黄洪涛
孙元杰
李志刚
田波
赵弘韬
ZHOU Na;WANG Qianwen;HUANG Hongtao;SUN Yuanjie;LI Zhigang;TIAN Bo;ZHAO Hongtao(Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy,Harbin 150081,China;College of Nuclear Science and Technology,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)
出处
《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》
2026年第1期1-11,共11页
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
基金
黑龙江省科学院人才队伍建设项目(RC2024YZN01)
黑龙江省省属院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2025-1-B001)
黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GA23A912)
黑龙江省科学院院预研配套项目(YYPT2024YZN01)
黑龙江省科学院能力提升专项(YSTS2025YZN01)。
关键词
γ
射线屏蔽
复合材料
轻量化
多功能设计
绿色可持续
γray shielding
Composite materials
Light weight
Multifunctional design
Green sustainability
