摘要
钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells,PSCs)因其高功率转换效率(power conversion efficiency,PCE)被视为下一代光伏技术的研究热点.然而,PSCs在实际应用中仍然面临着重大挑战,环境降解和铅泄漏仍是限制其商业化应用的关键瓶颈,这些问题不仅影响器件稳定性,还对环境与人体健康构成潜在威胁.本研究采用聚多巴胺(polydopamine,PDA)和壳聚糖(Chitosan)两种生物基聚合物作为钙钛矿层的内部封装材料,用于缓解铅泄漏问题.得益于优异的生物相容性和丰富的功能基团,PDA和Chitosan不仅提升了钙钛矿晶体质量,还通过化学钝化降低了载流子缺陷态密度,抑制了非辐射复合,提高了器件稳定性.此外,这些生物聚合物能够防止铅泄漏,从而大幅度降低铅泄漏所带来的环境风险.经过优化后的PDA封装器件实现了24.09%的PCE,较对照组的21.11%有显著提升.并且在模拟酸性降雨条件下,铅泄漏量从13.2 mg/L降低至7.2 mg/L;在85%相对湿度下运行500小时后仍保持87.6%的初始效率.同时,细胞活力测试显示封装后的材料具有良好的生物安全性.更重要的是,该封装方法来源可持续、工艺简单,具备良好的大规模生产可行性.研究结果为PSCs的绿色制造与产业化提供了新的策略,展示了其在高效、稳定与环保光伏器件开发中的应用潜力.
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as strong contenders in next-generation photovoltaic technologies,owing to their exceptional power conversion efficiency(PCE),low-cost fabrication processes,and tunable optoelectronic properties.In recent years,PSCs have achieved impressive laboratory-scale efficiencies,rivaling or even surpassing traditional silicon-based solar cells.However,despite these promising advances,the practical deployment and commercialization of PSCs remain significantly limited by critical challenges—chief among them are environmental instability and lead leakage.Perovskite materials are inherently sensitive to moisture,oxygen,heat,and UV light,which can lead to rapid degradation of device performance.Additionally,the presence of toxic lead in the perovskite layer raises serious concerns about potential environmental contamination and human health risks,particularly if the device is damaged or disposed of improperly.To address these pressing issues,this study proposes an internal encapsulation strategy using two bio-based polymers—polydopamine(PDA)and Chitosan—as protective interfacial layers within the PSC device architecture.These materials are selected for their excellent biocompatibility,chemical versatility,and environmental sustainability.When introduced into the device structure,both PDA and Chitosan contribute to improved perovskite film quality by promoting better crystallinity,passivating trap states,and reducing non-radiative recombination losses.They also function as physical and chemical barriers,significantly suppressing the diffusion of lead ions under harsh environmental conditions.Among the two candidates,PDA demonstrated clearly superior encapsulation performance.This advantage is attributed to PDA’s unique molecular characteristics,including a multi-site distributed molecular framework that facilitates the formation of a synergistic coordination network.This network promotes the formation of stable bonds under mild,non-destructive processing conditions,effectively passivating surface defects without compromising the integrity of the perovskite lattice.Furthermore,PDA’s mussel-inspired molecular structure allows it to undergo spontaneous self-polymerization on a wide range of surfaces,forming highly uniform,dense,and conformal coating layers.This enhances both the mechanical robustness and moisture resistance of the encapsulation layer,outperforming traditional materials such as Chitosan in longterm stability tests.Performance evaluations revealed that PSCs encapsulated with PDA exhibited outstanding environmental resilience and device stability.Under simulated acid rain conditions,PDA encapsulation reduced lead leaching from 13.2 mg/L(in unencapsulated samples)to just 7.2 mg/L.Under 85%relative humidity,PDA-encapsulated devices retained 87.6%of their initial PCE after 500 hours of continuous operation.Additionally,the optimized PDAencapsulated devices achieved a PCE of 24.09%,significantly higher than the 21.11%observed in the unprotected control group.Moreover,cytotoxicity assays confirmed the biological safety of PDA,further supporting its suitability for environmentally responsible and human-safe photovoltaic applications.Importantly,the encapsulation process is simple,cost-effective,and scalable,demonstrating compatibility with large-area fabrication techniques.In conclusion,this work presents a feasible,scalable,and eco-friendly internal encapsulation approach for enhancing the stability and safety of PSCs.By leveraging the unique chemical and structural features of PDA,the strategy provides a promising pathway toward the commercialization of high-efficiency,stable,and sustainable perovskite-based solar energy technologies.
作者
邢家赫
曾凡聪
刘赛云
柴美娜
董彪
徐琳
Jiahe Xing;Fancong Zeng;Saiyun Liu;Meina Chai;Biao Dong;Lin Xu(State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics,College of Electronic Science and Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)
出处
《科学通报》
北大核心
2026年第2期518-528,共11页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(62474078)
吉林省自然科学基金(20220201093GX)
中国博士后科学基金(2024T170324)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024MF026)资助。
关键词
钙钛矿太阳能电池
光电转换效率
缺陷钝化
环境稳定性
绿色封装材料
perovskite solar cells
photoelectric conversion efficiency
defect passivation
environmental stability
green encapsulation materials
