摘要
背景:骨骼肌肉退行性疾病的现有疗法仅缓解症状且不良反应显著。人参作为传统中药,其活性成分通过多靶点调控信号通路发挥骨肌保护作用,近年机制研究取得突破。目的:系统综述人参有效成分(皂苷、多糖、肽类)通过关键信号通路防治骨骼肌肉疾病的最新分子机制,为靶向药物开发提供依据。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方及维普数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年4月。中文检索词包括“骨骼肌肉疾病,骨质疏松症,骨关节炎,椎间盘突出,肌肉减少症,人参皂苷,人参多糖,人参肽类,信号通路”,英文检索词包括“musculoskeletal degenerative diseases,osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,intervertebral disc degeneration,sarcopenia,ginsenosides,ginseng polysaccharides,ginseng peptides,signaling pathways”,最终纳入75篇符合要求的文献。结果与结论:①皂苷类(如Rg3、Rh4、Rc):靶向核转运蛋白α2-核因子κB轴抑制破骨细胞分化,减少骨吸收;激活沉默信息调节因子1通路增强线粒体生物合成,延缓肌少症;调控Yes相关蛋白1/转录共激活因子和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶减轻椎间盘退变;②多糖类:加工工艺影响免疫调节活性,通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/核因子κB通路抑制炎症;③肽类:激活NAD+/沉默信息调节因子1/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α轴改善线粒体功能。提示人参通过“多成分-多靶点”协同调节骨代谢平衡、抑制软骨降解及延缓肌肉衰老,但需解决生物利用度低及缺乏大样本临床试验的转化瓶颈。
BACKGROUND:Current therapies for musculoskeletal degenerative diseases merely alleviate symptoms with significant adverse effects.As a traditional Chinese medicine,active ingredients of ginseng exhibit protective effects on bone and muscle through multi-target regulation of signaling pathways,and breakthroughs have been made in mechanism research in recent years.OBJECTIVE:To provide a systematical review of the latest molecular mechanisms of active ingredients of ginseng(ginsenosides,polysaccharides,and peptides)in preventing and treating musculoskeletal degenerative diseases via key signaling pathways,providing a basis for targeted drug development.METHODS:A systematic search was performed in multiple databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CNKI,WanFang,and VIP databases,for publications from database inception until April 2025.The search terms were"musculoskeletal degenerative diseases,osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,intervertebral disc degeneration,sarcopenia,ginsenosides,ginseng polysaccharides,ginseng peptides,signaling pathways"in both English and Chinese.Ultimately,75 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Ginsenosides(such as Rg3,Rh4,and Rc)inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by targeting the nuclear transport proteinα2-nuclear factorκB axis;it delays sarcopenia via silent information regulator 1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuates disc degeneration via Yes-associated protein 1/transcriptional coactivator and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.(2)Processing-dependent immunomodulation of polysaccharides affects immunomodulatory activity,inhibiting inflammation via mitogen activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa B pathway.(3)Peptides improve mitochondrial function by activating the NAD+/silence information regulatory factor 1/peroxisome proliferator activated receptorγcoactivator 1αaxis.(4)It is concluded that ginseng is proposed to regulate bone metabolism balance,suppress cartilage degradation,and attenuate muscle aging via synergistic multi-component,multi-target actions.However,challenges such as low bioavailability and a lack of large-scale clinical trials remain to be addressed.
作者
夏天戈
周毅
李绍烁
王建伟
邵阳
Xia Tiange;Zhou Yi;Li Shaoshuo;Wang Jianwei;Shao Yang(Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu Province,China;Department of Orthopedics,Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Wuxi 214071,Jiangsu Province,China)
出处
《中国组织工程研究》
北大核心
2026年第29期7639-7647,共9页
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82274546),项目负责人:王建伟
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82405520),项目负责人:李绍烁
无锡市“双百”中青年医疗卫生拔尖人才项目(HB2023072),项目负责人:邵阳
无锡市卫健委科研项目(Q202232),项目负责人:李绍烁
无锡市“双百”中青年医疗卫生拔尖人才项目(HB2023074),项目负责人:李绍烁
江苏省中医药科技发展计划青年人才项目(QN202322),项目负责人:李绍烁
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX25_1080),项目负责人:周毅。
关键词
人参皂苷
线粒体生物合成
破骨细胞分化
免疫调节
细胞外基质降解
靶向递送
衰老相关疾病
协同调控
组织稳态
ginsenosides
mitochondrial biogenesis
osteoclast differentiation
immunomodulation
extracellular matrix degradation
targeted delivery
agerelated disorders
synergistic regulation
tissue homeostasis
