摘要
近年来,随着设施农业规模化发展与土地复种指数提升,土壤连作障碍越发严重,土壤蒸汽消毒技术可有效缓解该问题。首先,介绍了土壤蒸汽消毒技术的原理和分类,阐述了消毒作用位置、土壤固有属性和末端消毒机构结构参数对土壤蒸汽消毒传热效率的影响,其消毒作用位置涵盖表层消毒与深层消毒,土壤固有属性包含土壤质地、含水率、孔隙度、孔隙结构等物理特性。其次,分析了土壤蒸汽消毒技术对土壤理化性质、微生物和定植作物的影响,从添加有益菌和种植“先锋作物”两方面提出解决方案。然后,基于多消毒方法协同应用消毒、高效蒸汽发生器、新型末端机构研发3方面,对该技术的应用进行了总结归纳。最后,针对轻型高效蒸汽锅炉缺失、蒸汽消毒杀菌效率亟待提高、消毒后的土壤环境—作物适配性调控研究不足和智能蒸汽消毒机具研发缺失等问题,展望了未来的研究方向,以期为土壤蒸汽消毒技术的改进优化、设备研发和田间推广提供理论参考。
With the large-scale development of protected agriculture and higher land multiple cropping index in recent years,soil continuous cropping obstacles have become increasingly severe.Soil steam disinfection effectively mitigates this issue.Firstly,introduced the technology′s principles and classifications,then elaborated on the impacts of disinfection positions,inherent soil properties,and structural parameters of terminal disinfection mechanisms on its heat transfer efficiency.Disinfection positions cover surface and deep disinfection,and inherent soil properties include soil texture,moisture content,porosity,and pore structure.It then analyzed the technology′s impacts on soil physicochemical properties,microorganisms,and established crops,proposing solutions of adding beneficial bacteria and planting"pioneer crops".Regarding its application,it summarized three directions:synergistic use of multiple disinfection methods,high-efficiency steam generators,and new terminal mechanism development.Future research directions were proposed addressing shortcomings:lack of lightweight high-efficiency steam boilers,low sterilization efficiency,insufficient research on post-disinfection soil-crop adaptability regulation,and lack of intelligent steam disinfection equipment.This paper can provide theoretical references for the technology′s improvement,equipment development,and field promotion.
作者
刘隽谦
张嘉辉
杨篮雪
张俊思
杨振杰
Liu Junqian;Zhang Jiahui;Yang Lanxue;Zhang Junsi;Yang Zhenjie(Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2026年第5期292-300,共9页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
国家自然科学基金—青年基金项目(32201689)
云南省自然科学基金—青年项目(202201AU070190)
云南省兴滇英才支持计划项目(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0429)。
关键词
土壤连作障碍
土壤蒸汽消毒
传热效率
消毒效果
应用
soil continuous cropping obstacle
soil steam disinfection
heat transfer efficiency
disinfection effect
application
