摘要
针对施肥机械部件作业时开沟宽度过大、分层肥量不受控等问题,设计了一种大垄侧深分层施肥装置。根据作业要求对装置结构和关键工作部件进行了设计,将开沟圆盘优化为波纹形状,使其具有较强的硬度、耐磨性和防腐蚀性;施肥开沟机作业开沟深度为150~280 mm、开沟宽度为20 mm,主要起到保证沟宽和保护分层施肥效果的作用。试验结果表明,分层施肥作业时,装置的开沟宽度小于目前现有开沟器开出的沟槽,减小了对土壤结构的扰动性,施肥深度为浅层90 mm、深层200 mm,达到了设计分层深度施肥的要求;工作速度对分层施肥装置的施肥配比没有显著影响,在不同速度下浅层的变异系数为3.7%、深层的变异系数为7.9%,符合国家标准变异系数小于10%。研究为施肥开沟和分层施肥装置提供了可靠的技术支撑,具有一定的推广应用价值。
In view of the problems such as excessive furrow width and uncontrolled stratified fertilizer amount during the operation of mechanical parts of fertilization.A lateral deep layered fertilization device of big ridge was designed.The structure and key components of the device were designed according to the operation requirements.The grooving disc was optimized to be a corrugated grooving disc with strong hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance.The grooving depth was in the operating range of 150-280 mm.The ditch width of the hook was 20 mm,and the mechanism mainly ensures the width of the ditch and protects the effect of layered fertilization from being squeezed and deformed by the soil.The test results showed that:in the application of layered fertilization,the width of the trench opened by the device was smaller than that opened by the existing trench,which reduced the disturbance to the soil structure.The coefficient of variation of shallow layer was 3.7%at different speeds,and that of deep layer was 7.9%,which was less than 10%of the coefficient of variation required by the national standard.The working speed had no significant effect on the fertilization ratio of the layered fertilization device,and the depth of fertilization was 90 mm in shallow layer and 200 mm in deep layer,which met the design requirements of the layered fertilization depth.This study provided reliable technical equipment for fertilization ditching and fertilizer layering,and had certain popularization and application value.
作者
周魏岩
梁玉成
许剑平
张海滨
甘露
朱炫铭
谢宇峰
郭兵
Zhou Weiyan;Liang Yucheng;Xu Jianping;Zhang Haibin;Gan Lu;Zhu Xuanming;Xie Yufeng;Guo Bing(Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Engineering Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2026年第5期89-95,共7页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
现代农业省实验室项目(ZY04JD05-013)。
关键词
大垄侧深
分层施肥装置
波纹圆盘
变异系数
big ridge side depth
layered fertilization device
corrugated disk
coefficient of variation
