摘要
为明确麦后复种油菜的适宜种植模式和施氮量,在内蒙古达拉特旗开展田间试验,在3种种植模式秸秆移走翻耕(T1)、秸秆还田翻耕(T2)和秸秆移走免耕(T3)下设置5个施氮量梯度(0、30、60、90和120 kg/hm^(2)),以油菜生物量、养分积累量和经济效益为依据研究适宜的氮肥用量。研究结果表明,T2处理的油菜地上部生物量、碳和钾积累量均高于T1和T3处理,T2处理下各施氮处理的鲜草重、干草重、碳积累量和钾积累量平均可以达到60.5 t/hm^(2)、8.0 t/hm^(2)、2981 kg/hm^(2)和253 kg/hm^(2)。施氮量显著影响油菜生物量和养分积累量,在本试验施氮量范围下油菜生物量和各养分积累量均随着施氮量的增加而提高,与不施氮相比,施氮量为30 kg/hm^(2)时油菜地上部鲜草重和干草重分别增加39.8%和35.1%;施氮量60 kg/hm^(2)时分别增加63.0%和67.9%;施氮量90 kg/hm^(2)时分别增加78.1%和89.0%;施氮量120 kg/hm^(2)时分别增加86.5%和98.1%,油菜绿肥各养分积累量随播种量变化的趋势与生物量基本一致。不同种植模式和施氮量下不同用途的油菜投入成本和产出不同,综合考虑不同模式下不同用途油菜的生物量和养分积累量、经济效益等因素,小麦收获后油菜可以采用麦秸移走免耕方式种植,在油菜做青贮饲料时适宜的施氮量为120 kg/hm^(2),做油菜绿肥时适宜施氮量为90 kg/hm^(2)。
In order to clarify the suitable planting pattern and nitrogen application rate for rapeseed relay cropped rapeseed after wheat,a field experiment was conducted in Dalad Banner,Inner Mongolia.Five nitrogen application rate gradients(0,30,60,90 and 120 kg/ha)were set under three planting modes,including straw removal+tillage(T1),straw returning+tillage(T2),and straw removal+no tillage(T3).The optimal nitrogen rate was determined based on rapeseed biomass,nutrient accumulation,and economic benefits.The results showed that the aboveground biomass,carbon accumulation and potassium accumulation of rapeseed under T2 treatment were all higher than those under T1 and T3 treatments.Under T2 treatment,the average of fresh grass weight,dry grass weight,carbon accumulation,and potassium accumulation of all nitrogen application treatments could reach 60.5 t/ha,8.0 t/ha,2981 kg/ha,and 253 kg/ha,respectively.Nitrogen application rate significantly affected the biomass and nutrient accumulation of rapeseed under different planting modes.The biomass and nutrient accumulation of rapeseed increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate within the nitrogen application rate range.Compared with no nitrogen application treatment,the fresh grass weight and dry grass weight of rapeseed increased by 39.8%and 35.1%respectively when the nitrogen application rate was 30 kg/ha,63.0%and 67.9%at 60 kg/ha,78.1%and 89.0%at 90 kg/ha,86.5%and 98.1%at 120 kg/ha.The trend of nutrient accumulation of rapeseed green manure was basically consistent with that of biomass.The input costs and outputs of rapeseed for different purposes varied under different planting modes and nitrogen application rates.Considering the factors such as biomass,nutrient accumulation,and economic benefits of rapeseed for different purposes under different modes,rapeseed can be planted with no-tillage method with wheat straw removal following wheat harvest.The optimal nitrogen application rate for rapeseed as silage feed is 120 kg/ha,and for rapeseed as green manure,the optimal nitrogen application rate is 90 kg/ha.
作者
刘陈
王伟妮
廖世鹏
任涛
郭晨
许源源
于道海
刘俊梅
张豪强
孙霞
鲁剑巍
Liu Chen;Wang Weini;Liao Shipeng;Ren Tao;Guo Chen;Xu Yuanyuan;Yu Daohai;Liu Junmei;Zhang Haoqiang;Sun Xia;Lu Jianwei(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Ordos Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center,Ordos 017010,Inner Mongolia,China;Plant Protection Institute,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,Inner Mongolia,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2026年第1期104-110,共7页
Crops
基金
鄂尔多斯市“盐碱地农牧业综合利用科技创新试验示范”项目(2023-KJCX-01)
财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”项目(CARS-12)。
关键词
沿黄灌区
麦后复种
油菜
种植模式
施氮量
经济效益
Yellow River Irrigation Region
Multiple cropping after wheat
Rape
Cropping pattern
Nitrogen application rate
Economic benefits
