摘要
本文旨在系统回顾口腔微生态与炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD)之间的关联性及其机制。研究通过检索2000年1月–2025年10月PubMed数据库的相关文献,筛选出77篇符合标准的文章进行归纳分析。结果证实,口腔微生态失调与IBD存在双向因果关系:IBD患者口腔菌群多样性降低,致病菌(如具核梭杆菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌)丰度升高,且口腔免疫环境更活跃。口腔病原体可通过口-肠轴迁移至肠道,直接破坏肠道屏障、扰乱菌群稳态,或通过外泌体携带的miRNA、免疫细胞迁移等途径激活全身及肠道免疫反应,加剧IBD病情。然而,现有研究存在样本量小、结论异质性高、纵向数据缺乏及技术兼容性不足等局限。未来需拓展口腔真菌、病毒的作用研究,结合多组学技术推动口腔微生物在IBD诊断和治疗中的临床转化。
This article systematically reviews the associations and mechanisms between the oral microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Relevant literature was retrieved from the PubMed database from January 2000 to October 2025,and 77 articles meeting the criteria for inductive analysis were selected.The results confirm a bidirectional causal relationship between oral dysbiosis and IBD:patients with IBD exhibit reduced oral microbial diversity,increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria(such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis),and a more active oral immune environment.Oral pathogens can migrate to the gut via the oral-gut axis,directly disrupting the intestinal barrier and microbial homeostasis or activating systemic and intestinal immune responses through pathways such as miRNAs carried by exosomes and immune cell migration,thereby exacerbating IBD.However,current studies have several limitations,including small sample sizes,high heterogeneity in conclusions,lack of longitudinal data,and insufficient technical compatibility.Future research should expand investigations into the roles of oral fungi and viruses and integrate multiomics technologies to advance the clinical translation of oral microbiota in IBD diagnosis and treatment.
作者
万可心
杨丛艺
陈宁
陈峰
WAN Kexin;YANG Congyi;CHEN Ning;CHEN Feng(Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100191,China;Department of Gastroenterology,Peking University People's Hospital,Beijing 100044,China;Central Laboratory of Peking University School of Stomatology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《四川大学学报(医学版)》
北大核心
2026年第1期30-36,共7页
Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Sciences)
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2025YFC3508503)资助。
关键词
口腔健康
微生物群
炎症性肠病
口-肠轴
综述
Oral health
Microbiota
Inflammatory bowel disease
Oral-gut axis
Review
