摘要
为优化好氧堆肥工艺,加快腐熟效果并减少堆肥过程中的臭气排放,本研究以牛粪、烟末和甘蔗渣混合原料为底物,分别添加相对底物总干质量的2.5%、5%、7.5%和10%的磷尾矿作为处理组,以不添加磷尾矿作为对照,研究堆肥过程中堆体理化性质、养分含量变化及氨气(NH_(3))、硫化氢(H_(2)S)等臭气排放特征。结果表明:相较于对照处理,添加磷尾矿可以降低堆体容重3%~10%,减少H_(2)S排放50%~74%,综合臭气强度降低2.8%~7.4%,并且降低EC值1%~8%,显著提高堆肥种子发芽指数(GI)26%~34%、五氧化二磷含量9.9%~48.2%、交换性钙4%~60%、交换性镁8%~37%,但增加NH_(3)排放2.8%~52.8%。综合来看,7.5%添加量效果最优,降低H_(2)S排放74%,臭气强度降低5.3%,提升GI值32%,铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)与重金属含量均满足有机肥生产标准。研究表明,适量添加磷尾矿可以有效改善堆体结构,减少H_(2)S排放并降低臭气强度,有助于提高堆肥效率和质量,实现工农业固废磷尾矿和牛粪的无害化和资源化利用。
In order to optimize the aerobic composting process,accelerate the composting effect,and reduce odor emissions during the composting process,This study used a mixture of cow manure,tobacco dust,and sugarcane bagasse as substrates,and added 2.5%,5%,7.5%,and 10%of the total dry weight of the substrate to phosphorus tailings as treatment groups,respectively.No phosphorus tailings were added as a control.The physical and chemical properties,nutrient content changes,and odor emission characteristics such as ammonia(NH_(3))and hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)during the composting process were studied.The results showed that compared with the control treatment,the addition of phosphate tailings could reduce the bulk density of the compost by 3%-10%,reduce H_(2)S emissions by 50%-74%,decrease the comprehensive odor intensity by 2.8%-74%,and reduce EC values by 1%-8%.It significantly improved the germination index(GI)of compost seeds by 26%-34%,exchangeable calcium by 4%-60%,exchangeable magnesium by 8%-37%,but increased NH_(3) emissions by 2.8%-52.8%.Overall,the 7.5%addition has the best effect,reducing H_(2)S emissions by 74%,decreasing odor intensity by 5.3%,increasing GI value by 32%,and meeting the organic fertilizer production standards for ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and heavy metal content.Research has shown that the appropriate addition of phosphate tailings can effectively improve the structure of the heap,reduce H_(2)S emissions,and decrease odor intensity,which helps to improve composting efficiency and quality,and achieve the harmless and resource utilization of industrial and agricultural solid waste phosphate tailings and cow manure.
作者
赖海玉
吕同瑞
张东莉
张兰霞
罗文海
侯勇
张伟
钟顺和
王春荣
刘飞
朱齐超
LAI Haiyu;LÜTongrui;ZHANG Dongli;ZHANG Lanxia;LUO Wenhai;HOU Yong;ZHANG Wei;ZHONG Shunhe;WANG Chunrong;LIU Fei;ZHU Qichao(School of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;School of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest Organic Cycle Engineering Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dali 671200,China;Yunnan Shunfeng Erhai Environmental Protection Technology,Dali 671000,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期213-225,共13页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900601)。
关键词
磷尾矿
好氧堆肥
臭气排放
堆肥质量
phosphate tailings
aerobic composting
odor emissions
composting quality
