摘要
为揭示流域水质的时空分布特征及其污染来源,本研究以我国西南典型喀斯特农业流域——普者黑流域为对象,基于2022—2023年采集的448个地表水样本,结合多元统计分析与正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型进行研究。结果表明:流域水体污染以氮、磷和有机污染物为主,各水质指标随时间和空间变化呈现出不同的分布特征。总氮(TN)和NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度在雨季较高,主要受降雨径流的影响;总磷(TP)和NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度在旱季偏高,与畜禽养殖和生活污水排放相关;化学需氧量(COD)和粪大肠菌群(FC)浓度在旅游旺季升高,表明旅游活动是影响水质的主要因素。PMF模型结果表明,流域内主要污染源可以分为4类,其贡献依次为生活源(35.3%)、肥料源(28.6%)、养殖源(19.1%)和旅游活动源(17.0%),上述4类污染源在空间上表现出明显的分布差异。研究表明,加强农田肥料流失管控、养殖废水管理以及旅游季节生活污水处理,是喀斯特农业流域水质长效保护的关键。
To reveal the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of water quality and its pollution sources,this study focused on the Puzhehei watershed,a typical karst agricultural watershed in southwest China.Based on 448 surface water samples collected between 2022 and 2023,multivariate statistical analysis and the Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model were employed to systematically investigate the watershed.The results reveal that TN,TP,and organic pollutants dominate water quality degradation in the Puzhehei watershed,with pronounced spatiotemporal variability.TN and NO_(3)^(-)-N concentrations were elevated during the rainy season,primarily influenced by rainfall-driven runoff.TP and NH_(4)^(+)-N concentrations were higher during the dry season,linked to livestock farming and domestic sewage discharge.COD and fecal coliform(FC)concentrations peaked during the tourism season,reflecting the impact of tourism activities on water quality.The PMF model revealed that the primary pollution sources in the watershed were domestic sewage(35.3%),followed by agricultural fertilization(28.6%),livestock farming(19.1%),and tourism activities(17.0%).These sources demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity.The results indicate that strengthening the control of farmland fertilizer loss,improving the management of livestock wastewater,and enhancing domestic sewage treatment during the tourism season are essential for long-term watershed protection.
作者
范珍
遆超普
严星
韩豪杰
邱捷
王瑞刚
刘岩
徐如林
戚彩琼
何张猛
颜晓元
夏永秋
FAN Zhen;TI Chaopu;YAN Xing;HAN Haojie;QIU Jie;WANG Ruigang;LIU Yan;XU Rulin;QI Caiqiong;HE Zhangmeng;YAN Xiaoyuan;XIA Yongqiu(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Suzhou 215555,China;Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;Pu Biao Central Testing International Co.,LT(Tianjin),Tianjin 300385,China;Agricultural and Rural Environment and Energy Technology Service Center,Wenshan 663200,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Nanjing 211135,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期156-167,共12页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42430706,42177401)
中国科学院南京土壤研究所“十四五”领域前沿项目(ISSASIP2203)。
关键词
水质污染
源解析
PMF模型
喀斯特农业流域
农业面源污染
water quality pollution
source apportionment
PMF model
karst agricultural watershed
agricultural non-point source pollution
