摘要
大曲是中国传统白酒酿造的核心糖化发酵剂,其所含丰富的酶系、风味前体物质以及复合微生物群落,共同构成发酵过程的物质基础与动力来源,在基酒风味特征形成中发挥着不可替代的作用。当前研究证实大曲品质与基酒质量呈现显著正相关性。然而,现有成果多集中于单一因素的表征分析,在关键质量影响因子的系统性归纳与作用机理解析方面仍存在明显不足。本文基于酿造微生物生态学视角,系统综述原料特性(水分、淀粉及蛋白质含量)、加工参数(粉碎粒度)、环境因子(温度、湿度)、贮藏周期及现代强化手段(功能性菌剂添加)对大曲质量的影响机制,旨在为后续大曲质量提升与稳定提供理论参考与技术支持。
Daqu serves as the core saccharification and fermentation starter in traditional Chinese Baijiu production.It is characterized by its abundant enzymatic systems,diverse flavor precursors,and complex microbial communities,which together provide the material basis and driving force for fermentation and play an irreplaceable role in shaping the flavor profile of the base liquor.Recent studies have indicated a significant positive correlation between the quality of Daqu and that of the resulting base liquor.However,current research studies have primarily focused on characterizing individual influencing factors,whereas the systematic integration of the key determinants affecting the quality of Daqu and elucidation of their underlying mechanisms remain insufficient.In this review,we comprehensively summarize—from the perspective of brewing microbial ecology—the mechanisms by which raw material properties(including moisture,starch,and protein contents),processing parameters(e.g.,particle size),environmental factors(temperature and humidity),storage duration,and modern enhancement strategies(notably,the addition of functional microbial inoculants)influence the quality of Daqu.The aim of this review is to provide theoretical insights and technical support for the improvement and stabilization of Daqu quality for future applications.
作者
李建勋
王雨萌
武山开
杨子珩
刘彩霞
周蝶
宋文军
李凭
LI Jianxun;WANG Yumeng;WU Shankai;YANG Ziheng;LIU Caixia;ZHOU Die;SONG Wenjun;LI Ping(College of Biotechnology and Food Science,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China;Haitian(Jiangsu)Condiment&Food Co.,Ltd.,Suqian 223800,China;Guizhou Guotai Digital-Intelligence Liquor Group Co.,Ltd.,Huairen 564501,China)
出处
《食品工业科技》
北大核心
2026年第4期480-491,共12页
Science and Technology of Food Industry
基金
河北省重点研发计划项目(21327105D)
天津市科技计划项目(18YFZCNCO1140)。
关键词
大曲质量
原料
粉碎度
菌剂
环境因素
贮存时间
Daqu quality
raw materials
particle size
microbial inoculants
environmental factors
storage duration
