摘要
区块链技术的快速迭代推动虚拟货币成为全球金融市场焦点,其去中心化与匿名性特征使部分饱受通货膨胀与货币危机影响的国家视为其缓解经济波动的潜在工具。然而虚拟货币法律性质界定标准不一,导致非法获取该资产的行为在司法认定中存在显著争议与现实困境。如将其定性为计算机信息系统犯罪的路径具有明显局限,既不符合虚拟货币作为财产性利益的本质属性,也难以涵盖非计算机技术实施的非法获取情形。加上非法手段的多样性及数额认定标准缺失,进一步加剧了司法裁判的分歧。从刑法教义学视角看,将此类剥夺他人对虚拟货币排他性、支配性的行为认定为财产犯罪更具合理性,该判断立足于虚拟货币的财产属性,未突破罪刑法定原则边界,更能准确反映行为对财产法益的侵害实质。在数额认定层面,应以行为时市场交易价格为基准,综合考量影响价值的各类要素,在全面评估的同时遵循存疑有利于被告、极端情形实质判断的原则,以实现量刑统一并契合罪责刑相适应要求。
The rapid iteration of blockchain technology has driven virtual currencies to become the focus of the global financial market.Their decentralized and anonymous nature has led some countries plagued by inflation and currency crises to view them as a potential tool to mitigate economic fluctuations.However,the standards for defining the legal nature of virtual currencies are inconsistent,leading to significant disputes and practical difficulties in the judicial determination of illegal acquisition of such assets.Specifically,the approach of characterizing such acts as crimes against computer information systems has obvious limitations,which not only runs counter to the essential nature of virtual currencies as property interests,but also fails to cover cases of illegal acquisition not perpetrated through computer technology.The diversity of illegal means and the lack of standards for determining amounts have further exacerbated the differences in judicial decisions.From the perspective of criminal law dogmatics,it is more reasonable to recognize such acts that deprive others of the exclusive and dominant rights over virtual currencies as property crimes.This judgment is based on the property attribute of virtual currencies and does not cross the boundaries of the principle of legality of crimes and punishments,which can more accurately reflect the essence of the infringement of property legal interests by such acts.At the level of amount determination,the market transaction price at the time of the act should be taken as the benchmark,and all kinds of elements that affect the value should be comprehensively considered.While conducting a comprehensive assessment,the principle of favoring the defendant in case of doubt and making substantive judgments in extreme circumstances should be followed to achieve uniform sentencing and meet the requirements of proportionality between crime,responsibility and punishment.
作者
贾健
潘玟璇
JIA Jian;PAN Minxuan(School of Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)
出处
《鲁东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
2026年第1期80-88,共9页
Ludong University Journal:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
2025年度重庆市社会规划网信一般项目“地方网络行政处罚法律适用及载量权基准研究”(2025WX10)
2024年度西南政法大学法学院学生科研创新项目“非法获取虚拟货币行为定性及规制”(FXY2024026)。
关键词
虚拟货币
司法实践
财产性利益
财产犯罪
virtual currency
judicial practice
property interest
property crime
