摘要
【目的】探究喷施赤霉素、复硝酚钠与绿原酸配比组合对烟富3号果实品质的影响,确定不同植物生长调节剂的最佳配施组合,为黄土高原地区苹果园的管理提供科学依据。【方法】以甘肃省静宁县6年生烟富3号苹果为研究对象,分别设置T1(赤霉素GA_(4))、T2(赤霉素GA_(7))、T3(赤霉素GA_(4+7))、T4(绿原酸)、T5(复硝酚钠)、T6[赤霉素(GA_(4+7))+复硝酚钠]、T7[赤霉素(GA_(4+7))+复硝酚钠+绿原酸]7个处理,对幼果进行喷施,以清水作为对照(CK),对果实的外观品质和内在品质进行检测。【结果】T7处理显著提升了果实的单果质量、果形指数、果实色泽以及维生素C、总酚、总糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白含量,降低了果皮黄色度、类黄酮含量、单宁含量等。相比之下,T3处理对果实也有相似的提升作用,但综合效果次于T7处理。酯类、醇类物质是烟富3号的主要香气物质类型,T7处理下乙酸丁酯、2-甲基丁酸丙酯、正己醇、4-丁氧基丁醇、己烯醛含量显著高于其他处理,T3处理下萘等其他类香气物质含量显著高于其他处理。【结论】喷施10 mg·L^(-1)的赤霉素GA_(4+7)或12 mg·L^(-1)的赤霉素(GA_(4+7))+复硝酚钠+绿原酸对改善黄土高原地区烟富3号果实品质产生了积极影响,其中以T7处理的效果更为显著。
【Objective】The study aimed to systematically evaluate the regulatory effects of different plant growth regulators on quality formation during the fruit development of Yanfu No.3 apple,and to elucidate their physiological impacts on fruit appearance characteristics,nutritional quality,and aroma substance formation.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in the main apple-producing area of Jingning County,Gansu Province,using widely cultivated 6-year-old Yanfu No.3(Malus domestica Bork.)apple trees as research material.Treatments were applied at the young fruit stage,approximately 20 days after flowering,using a randomized block design with seven spray treatments:T1(gibberellin GA_(4)),T2(gibberellin GA_(7)),T3(spraying gibberellin GA_(4+7)compound),T4(chlorogenic acid),T5(sodium nitrophenolate),T6(gibberellin(GA_(4+7))+sodium nitrophenolate),T7(gibberellin(GA_(4+7))+sodium nitrophenolate+chlorogenic acid).water spray treatment served as the control(CK).Each treatment was replicated three times.All treated trees received unified water and fertilizer management,pest and disease control,and pruning techniques to minimize interference from non-experimental factors and ensure the feasibility of the experimental data.The full-bloom date of Yanfu No.3 apple is April 28,and the fruits are ripe and harvested on October 22,which is 170 days after full bloom,and relevant indicators were immediately tested and analyzed.Appearance characteristics included fruit weight and fruit shape index;internal quality indicators included the contents of vitamin C,total phenols,total sugars,soluble solids,soluble protein,flavonoids,and tannins in the fruits.【Results】The research results showed that all different spray treatments affected the quality formation of Yanfu No.3 apple fruits,with significant differences observed among treatments for the various indicators.Although single regulator treatments performed well in certain individual indicators,the combination treatments demonstrated superior comprehensive regulatory effects.Notably,the T7 treatment(GA_(4+7)+chlorogenic acid+sodium nitrophenolate)showed significant advantages in enhancing fruit nutritional components.The fruits under T7 treatment exhibited significantly higher contents of vitamin C,total sugars,soluble solids,and soluble protein compared with other treatments and the control,indicating a strong synergistic effect of the regulator complex in promoting nutrient accumulation.In addition,T7 treatment significantly reduced the contents of flavonoids and tannins in the fruits and effectively improved their flavor.Regarding appearance characteristics,the fruits from T3 and T7 treatments showed better shape indices.The analysis identified the main aroma components of Yanfu No.3 apples as esters,alcohols components.The T7 treatment was particularly effective,resulting in the fruits exhibiting a more intense overall aroma.The underlying mechanism would be presumed to be related to the regulators promoting the synthesis and conversion of aroma precursors and enhancing fatty acid metabolism and related enzyme activities,thereby increasing the accumulation level of volatile aroma compounds.【Conclusion】Based on the systematic analysis of the appearance characteristics,nutritional quality,and aromatic compounds of the Yanfu No.3 fruits in this experiment,it can be concluded that the application of 10 mg·L^(-1)gibberellic acid GA_(4+7)plant growth regulators and 12 mg·L^(-1)gibberellic acid(GA_(4+7))+sodium nitroprusside+chlorogenic acid plant growth regulators had a positive effect on improving the fruit quality of Yanfu No.3 in the Loess Plateau region,with the T7 treatment showing the most significant effect.
作者
高建翔
马志艳
李英睿
李宇
曾宝珍
杨文奇
梁国平
毛娟
陈佰鸿
GAO Jianxiang;MA Zhiyan;LI Yingrui;LI Yu;ZENG Baozhen;YANG Wenqi;LIANG Guoping;MAO Juan;CHEN Baihong(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2026年第2期279-293,共15页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2023CYZC-48)
甘肃省科技重大专项(23ZDNA001-4)
甘肃省中央引导地方项目(25ZYJA031)。
