摘要
半导体产业的战略地位在地缘经济与安全博弈中日益凸显,已成为大国竞争的核心。为维系技术霸权,美国对华实施技术封锁与供应链断链等遏制手段,反而加速了中国自主创新进程。二战后日本半导体产业同样遭受美国严厉打压,却通过系统性调整实现了复苏与升级,其经验对当前中国具有重要参照意义。本文以美国技术霸权为背景,聚焦日本半导体产业在压制下的升级路径,发现其通过法律主义争端解决机制及“产官学”协同创新体系等,逐步由“制造主导”转向“上游要素控制”,凭借在材料与设备领域的优势构建了以技术为核心的价值链治理能力。相较于对日制裁,当前美国对华遏制在技术、标准与国际合作等方面均显著强化,而中国亦具备日本所不及的国内市场规模、成熟制程基础等独特优势。基于日本经验,中国应致力于构建弹性技术研发体系、拓展多元化国际合作网络等,从而推动实现从“技术接受者”向“生态共建者”的战略转型,有效突破外部技术封锁与产业围堵。
The strategic importance of the semiconductor industry is increasingly prominent in geoeconomics and security competition,becoming a core element of great power rivalry.To maintain its technological hegemony,the United States has implemented containment measures against China,such as technological blockades and supply chain disruptions.However,these measures have actually accelerated China's independent innovation process.Japan's semiconductor industry also suffered severe suppression from the United States after World War II,but it achieved recovery and upgrading through systematic adjustments.Its experience has important reference value for contemporary China.This paper,against the backdrop of US technological hegemony,focuses on the upgrading path of Japan's semiconductor industry under suppression,finding that it gradually shifted from“manufacturing-led”to“upstream factor control”through legal dispute resolution mechanisms and a collaborative innovation system involving industry,government,and academia.Leveraging its advantages in materials and equipment,it built a technology-centric value chain governance capability.Compared to sanctions against Japan,the current US containment of China has significantly strengthened in areas such as technology,standards,and international cooperation,while China possesses unique advantages that Japan lacks,including a larger domestic market and a more mature manufacturing process foundation.Based on Japan's experience,China should strive to build a resilient technology R&D system and expand a diversified international cooperation network,thereby promoting a strategic transformation from a“technology recipient”to an“ecosystem co-builder”and effectively breaking through external technology blockades and industrial containment.
作者
尹小平
郭懿萦
YIN Xiaoping;GUO Yiying
出处
《世界经济与政治论坛》
北大核心
2026年第1期184-200,204,共18页
Forum of World Economics & Politics
