摘要
自2017年以来,美国公开遏制兼具技术、规模和国际市场份额优势的中国民用无人机产业,对中国先进制造业“出海”构成了严重挑战。美国因自身国防工业的系统性弊病以及网络安全战略的“攻防悖论”,而将中国民用无人机诬陷为军事和情报“威胁”。兴盛的民用无人机产业是中国先进制造业生态系统建设成果和新质生产力崛起的缩影,对美国长期垄断的高科技产业霸权地位构成了挑战。在美国内政治维度,固守科技冷战思维的“技术鹰派”持续推动排华政策议程,低空利益集团抓住制造业回流的战略契机,积极谋求自身利益诉求。通过压缩市场空间以改造民用无人机需求端、精准制裁中国企业以更迭供应端、影响舆论以冲击市场认同、强化本土产能和产业联盟体系以重塑竞争格局,美国企图将传统霸权秩序延伸至低空领域,但塑造低空霸权之举所产生的目标悖论、成本悖论和创新悖论必使其遭受反噬。面对打压,中国新质生产力需坚守和拓展国际市场,方可改变美国产业霸权秩序。
Since 2017,the U.S.has openly moved to contain China's civilian drone industry,which holds advantages in technology,scale,and international market share,posing a significant challenge to the“going global”of China's advanced manufacturing sector.Due to systemic flaws in its own defense industrial base and the offense-defense paradox inherent in its cybersecurity strategy,the U.S.has falsely labeled Chinese civilian drones as military and intelligence“threats”.The flourishing civilian drone industry epitomizes the achievements of China's advanced manufacturing ecosystem and the rise of new quality productive forces,challenging the long-standing hegemony of the U.S.in high-tech industries.Domestically,within the U.S.political landscape,technology hawks adhering to technology Cold War mentality have persistently promoted an anti-China policy agenda.Meanwhile,low-altitude interest groups have seized the strategic opportunity of manufacturing reshoring to actively advance their own interests.By squeezing market space to reshape demand,imposing targeted sanctions on Chinese enterprises to alter supply chains,influencing public opinion to undermine market confidence,and strengthening domestic production capacity and industrial alliances to reshape the competitive landscape,the U.S.attempts to extend its traditional hegemonic order into the low-altitude domain.However,its efforts to establish low-altitude hegemony are bound to backfire due to the resulting paradoxes in objectives,costs,and innovation.In the face of such suppression,China's new quality productive forces must remain committed to and expand international markets,so as to change the U.S.-dominated industrial hegemonic order.
出处
《世界经济与政治论坛》
北大核心
2026年第1期22-48,201,共28页
Forum of World Economics & Politics
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“新质生产力视域下科技冷战思维的应对研究”(24YJC710067)
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“美国智库对我国新质生产力发展的认知研究”(2024SJYB0036)的阶段性成果
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(30924010412)的资助。
