摘要
汽车随战争形势变化而受到的爆炸威胁日益严峻,针对汽车遭受的外部爆炸问题,对爆炸载荷下汽车结构的损伤效应进行研究。利用有限元软件建立了等比的整车有限元模型,对正面、侧面、后面3个不同爆炸方位以及不同比例距离下冲击波对整车结构的毁伤过程进行了数值模拟,分析了不同爆炸方位冲击波下整车结构的毁伤机理,同时探讨了B柱,驾驶舱前挡板以及底部传动轴的变形模式。结果表明:爆炸方位及比例距离会直接影响车身结构的变形模式和毁伤程度,B柱在侧面爆炸时的毁伤远大于其他2个方位,失效形式主要为弯折变形,正、侧、后3个方位下B柱失效所对应的比例距离分别为0.25、1.25、0.25 m/kg^(1/3),前挡板在正面爆炸时的变形模式相比于侧面包括后面发生了由弯折变形到局部屈曲的改变,3个方位下前挡板结构失效所对应的比例距离分别为1.75、0.25、0.25 m/kg^(1/3),侧面爆炸时传动轴的毁伤量级达到了其他2个方位下的10倍,但不同方位下传动轴的整体失效模式均表现为传动轴连接处的径向位移,正、侧、后3个方位下传动轴失效所对应的比例距离分别为0.25、1.25、0.75 m/kg^(1/3)。
With the change of war situation,the threat of automobile explosion is increasingly serious.Aiming at the problem of external explosion,the damage effect of automobile structure under explosion load is studied.Numerical simulation was carried out on the damage process of the vehicle structure caused by shock wave under different blast directions and different proportional distances in front,side and back.The damage mechanism of the vehicle structure under different blast directions was analyzed,and the deformation modes of B-pillar,cockpit front baffle and bottom drive shaft were also discussed.The results show that:The explosion orientation and proportional distance will directly affect the deformation mode and damage degree of the body structure.The damage of B-pillar in the side explosion is much greater than that in the other two directions,and the failure form is mainly bending deformation.The proportional distance corresponding to B-pillar failure in the front,side and back three directions is 0.25 m/kg^(1/3),1.25 m/kg^(1/3) and 0.25 m/kg^(1/3) respectively,the deformation mode of the front baffle during the front explosion changes from bending deformation to local buckling compared with the side and rear.The proportional distance corresponding to the failure of the front baffle structure under the three directions is 1.75 m/kg^(1/3),0.25 m/kg^(1/3) and 0.25 m/kg^(1/3) respectively.The damage magnitude of the drive shaft in the side explosion is 10 times that in the other two orientations,but the overall failure mode of the drive shaft in different orientations is manifested as the radial displacement at the connection of the drive shaft.The proportional distance corresponding to the failure of the drive shaft in the forward,side and back orientations is 0.25 m/kg^(1/3),1.25 m/kg^(1/3) and 0.75 m/kg^(1/3) respectively.
作者
郭军
张文鹏
GUO Jun;ZHANG Wenpeng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shengyang 110870,China)
出处
《兵器装备工程学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期24-33,共10页
Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering
关键词
外部爆炸
车身结构
毁伤机理
变形模式
数值仿真
extraneous explosion
vehicle structure
damage mechanism
deformation pattern
numerical simulation
