摘要
福建地热开发以康养洗浴旅游直接利用为主,省域尺度的地热温泉理疗热矿水元素的空间分异与物源解析研究具有重要意义。本研究系统采集了福建全域195件地热温泉样品,通过累积频率法厘定了理疗热矿水元素的水文地球化学基线值,确定了热矿水类型及其分布特征。通过机器学习自组织神经网络SOM-k-means聚类、空间自相关分析、PMF-Mantel test方法解析了热矿水元素空间分异影响因素与其物质来源。结果表明,福建省理疗热矿水类型主要为氟水—硅水,硅水和氟水热矿水样点占比为96.92%和94.36%。氡水、硼水、锶水和溴水点主要分布于沿海地区,Sr^(2+)、Br^(-)、HBO_(2)、Li^(+)和Rn有医疗价值样品占比为8.72%、7.73%、6.67%、6.15%和19.27%。SOM-KM将福建省域地热水样分为三个聚类簇,有效区分出第一聚类簇中(n=178)富磷氟水-硅水复合热矿水34组,第二聚类簇硅-氟-锶-锂-溴-硼多元素复合医疗热矿水样12组,和第三聚类簇医疗价值较低水样5组。水岩作用、深部地热流体升流、海水入侵补给、大气降水与浅层地下水入渗补给、断裂带对流扩散、人类活动影响6类因子对地热流体水化学的贡献分别为16.65%、18.99%、28.77%、16.86%、7.38%和11.35%。地热流体H_(2)SiO_(3)主要由硅酸盐岩水岩作用贡献(77.05%),深部流体升流前水岩作用贡献了地热流体中83.55%的F^(-)。地热水Sr^(2+)主要由海水入侵混合(52.74%)及浅层地下水入渗补给(27.18%)贡献,海水入侵、深部流体升流混合、浅层地下水入补给对地热流体Li^(+)贡献率分别为63.97%、20.28%和15.59%。海水补给混合与水岩作用对地热流体HBO_(2)贡献率分别为71.59%和21.37%。区域NW向断裂控制的沿海断陷盆地和断陷海湾地热异常区(莆田平原-兴化湾、泉州平原-泉州湾、漳州盆地-厦门湾、诏安平原-诏安湾等)是硅-氟-锶-锂-溴-硼多元素复合医疗热矿水有利靶区。
The utilization of geothermal resources in Fujian's geothermal anomaly area mainly focuses on wellness tourism,including relaxation and spa-bathing.Investigating the therapeutic potential of natural mineral-rich geothermal water is of great significance for the economic development in the region.A total of 195 geothermal well and thermal spring water samples were collected,and their hydrogeochemical baseline values were determined to assess components with therapeutic benefits.The spatial variation characteristics and sources of these beneficial elements were clarified by self-organizing map(SOM),spatial autocorrelation analysis,positive matrix factorization(PMF),and Mantel tests.The results showed that the main types of therapeutic thermal mineral water in Fujian region are fluorine-water and silicon-water,accounting for 96.92% and 94.36% of the total samples,respectively.Rn-water,B-water,Sr-water,and Br-water are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas,and the proportions of samples meeting therapeutic concentration standard for Sr^(2+),Br^(-),HBO_(2),Li^(+),and Rn were 8.72%,7.73%,6.67%,6.15% and 19.27%,respectively.The SOM-KM analysis divided the 195 samples into three clusters.The first cluster(n=178)consisted predominantly of fluorine-silicon thermal mineral water,with 34 samples exhibiting high phosphorus concentration.The second cluster contained 12 samples of Si-F-Sr-Li-Br-B composite thermal mineral water,while the third cluster comprised 5 samples without therapeutic benefits.Source apportionment analysis revealed the contributions of six factors to hydrochemical components,including water-rock interaction(16.65%),geothermal parent fluid upwelling(18.99%),seawater intrusion(28.77%),precipitation and shallow groundwater infiltration(16.86%),convective diffusion in fault zones(7.38%),and anthropogenic activities(11.35%).The enrichment of H2SiO3 in geothermal water was dominated by the water-rock interaction of silicate minerals(77.05%),while the upwelling of the geothermal parent fluid dominated 83.55% of the F-in geothermal fluids.The Sr^(2+)was responsible for seawater intrusion(52.74%)and shallow groundwater infiltration recharge(27.18%).The enrichment of Li^(+)was associated with seawater intrusion(63.97%),geothermal parent fluid upwelling mixing(20.28%),and shallow groundwater infiltration(15.59%).The HBO_(2) was contributed by seawater intrusion(71.59%)and water-rock interaction(21.37%).The geothermal anomaly area of coastal faulted basins and faulted bays controlled by northwest-trending faults(Putian Plain to Xinghua Bay,Quanzhou Plain to Quanzhou Bay,Zhangzhou basin to Xiamen Bay,and Zhao'an Plain to Zhao'an Bay)are optimal target areas for exploitation of Si-F-Sr-Li-Br-B composite thermal mineral water in the bulk horizons.
作者
孙厚云
马峰
王贵玲
张薇
马铭
SUN Houyun;MA Feng;WANG Guiling;ZHANG Wei;MA Ming(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Xiamen,Fujian 361021,China;Technology Innovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploitation and Development,MNR,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China)
出处
《地质学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期293-320,共28页
Acta Geologica Sinica
基金
中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(编号SK202328)
厦门市自然科学基金项目(编号3502Z202471066)
中国地质调查局项目(编号DD20230501,DD20230019)联合资助的成果。
关键词
地热温泉
水化学
理疗热矿水
自组织神经网络
正定矩阵因子分解
福建省
geothermal water
hydrogeochemical
mineral water with therapeutic benefits
selforganizing map
positive matrix factorization
Fujian Province
