摘要
【研究目的】铁矿开采易引发严重的矿区环境问题,针对华北地区各省市资源与开发条件的差异,实施精准化、差异化的监管策略至关重要。本研究旨在通过遥感监测手段,精准识别华北地区铁矿开采损毁土地现状,评估违法开采整治成效,揭示区域环境效应,并提出针对性的风险防范与监管建议,以平衡资源开发与生态保护和谐发展,服务于区域矿业的高质量与可持续发展。【研究方法】基于多源卫星遥感数据,融合采矿权信息,对华北地区2022-2024年铁矿开采面进行识别,精准提取了损毁土地面积,并据此提交了疑似违法数据。【研究结果】截至2024年底,铁矿开采面损毁土地面积有14547.09×10^(4)m^(2),已完成恢复治理的面积为3644.80×10^(4)m^(2)。结合地方信息反馈,2022年确认违法图斑10处,2023年提交开采异常图斑11处。据2024年07月影像显示,2022年违法开采面停止开采工作已完成100%,生态修复完成率达82.57%,违法整改成效显著。【研究结论】本研究数据清晰地揭示了华北地区铁矿开采的分布特征与环境影像,表明区域总体矿山环境恢复治理效率偏低,治理压力依然严峻;监管执法成效显著,但新增违法风险仍需持续关注。在系统分析各省市矿山环境问题、矿床特征及违法成因的基础上,提出了“一地区一政策”的精准监管对策建议,为华北地区铁矿资源的绿色开发与生态保护提供了科学依据。
[Objective]Iron ore mining frequently causes significant environmental damage in mining areas.Given the varying resource endowments and development conditions across different provinces and cities in North China,implementing precise and differentiated regulatory strategies is of critical importance.This study aims to accurately identify land damaged by iron mining in North China using remote sensing,assess the effectiveness of halting illegal mining activities,evaluate regional environmental impacts,and propose targeted risk prevention and regulatory measures to balance resource development with ecological protection,thereby supporting high-quality and sustainable development of the regional mining industry.[Methods]This study utilized multi-source satellite remote sensing data integrated with mining rights information to identify iron ore mining sites in North China for 2022 and 2024.The methodology enabled accurate extraction of damaged land areas and subsequent reporting of suspected illegal mining activities.[Results]By the end of 2024,the land area damaged by iron mining sites reached 14547.09×10^(4) m^(2),of which 3644.80×10^(4) m^(2) had undergone restoration.Based on local feedback,10 illegal mining sites were confirmed in 2022,and 11 mining anomaly spots were submitted in 2023.Remote sensing imagery from July 2024 indicates that cessation of mining activities at the 2022 illegal sites achieved a 100%completion rate,with an ecological restoration completion rate reaching 82.57%,demonstrating significant effectiveness in rectifying violations.[Conclusions]The data from this study clearly reveals the distribution characteristics and environmental impact of iron ore mining in North China,indicating a generally low efficiency in overall mine environment restoration and governance,with continued severe pressure for remediation.While regulatory enforcement has achieved remarkable results,the risk of new violations requires ongoing attention.Building on a systematic analysis of the environmental problems,ore deposit characteristics,and causes of violations in various provinces and cities,the study proposes precise regulatory countermeasures under the framework of"One Region,One Policy",providing a scientific basis for the green development and ecological protection of iron ore resources in North China.
作者
叶丽娟
赵丽君
张云
杨俊泉
刘欢
汪翡翠
YE Lijuan;ZHAO Lijun;ZHANG Yun;YANG Junquan;LIU Huan;WANG Feicui(Tianjin Center,China Geological Survey(North China Center for Geoscience Innovation),Tianjin 300170,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety,Tianjin 300170,China)
出处
《华北地质》
2025年第3期104-117,共14页
North China Geology
基金
中国地质调查项目“华北地区自然资源动态监测与风险评估(DD20230101)”
中国地质调查项目“华北地区豫西—胶东等成矿区带重点调查区金铜等战略性矿产调查评价(DD20230046)”。
关键词
遥感
铁矿
损毁土地
监管监测
华北地区
remote sensing
iron ore
mining-induced land damage
mining regulation and monitoring
north China
