摘要
长江源区作为我国重要的生态安全屏障和“中华水塔”核心区,其生态安全关乎流域乃至全国可持续发展。为进一步提升长江源区水生态环境保护修复的系统性、科学性和针对性,基于长江生态环境保护修复联合研究驻点成果以及文献资料调研,从生态安全视角,对长江源区水环境、水生态和水资源风险进行解析、剖析成因,并提出强化长江源区生态安全风险防控的对策建议。结果表明:长江源区水质总体优良,但冻融活跃期(5—9月)部分国控断面出现水质波动,水环境质量稳定达标面临压力;水生态系统结构脆弱、生物多样性低,部分区域植被存在退化风险;源区暖湿化趋势明显,冰川面积显著减少,水资源系统不稳定性加剧。风险成因主要包括污水处理设施效能不足且分散治理面临瓶颈,气候变化加剧生态失衡,综合治理体系与长效机制尚未健全,本底认知与治理修复研究不足等。建议进一步推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复,强化核心区生态功能,建立健全流域生态补偿与协同治理机制,提升综合治理能力,加强科技支撑,构建本地化治理技术体系与智慧化监测平台,实现精准防控。研究结果可为筑牢长江源区生态安全屏障、保障“中华水塔”功能可持续提供依据。
As the core area of the"China Water Tower"and a crucial ecological security barrier for China,the Yangtze River source region is vital for the sustainable development of the entire river basin and the nation.To further enhance the systematic,scientific,and targeted protection and restoration of the aquatic ecosystem in the Yangtze River source region,this study analyzed the risks related to water quality,aquatic ecology,and water resources from an ecological security perspective,based on the findings from the joint research for the Yangtze River ecological environmental protection and restoration as well as literature review.It then identified their causes and proposed suggestions to strengthen ecological security risk prevention and control.The results indicated that although the overall water quality in the source region was excellent,fluctuations occurred at some national control stations during the active freeze-thaw period(May to September),posing challenges to stable compliance with water quality standards.The aquatic ecosystem exhibited a fragile structure with low biodiversity,and vegetation degradation risks existed in certain areas.The source region showed a clear warming and wetting trend,with a significant reduction in glacier area and increased instability in the water resource system.The main causes of risks included insufficient efficiency of sewage treatment facilities and difficulties in decentralized management,intensified ecological imbalance due to climate change,the incomplete establishment of a comprehensive governance system and long-term mechanisms,as well as inadequate research on baseline understanding and remediation.It was recommended to further advance the integrated protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasslands,and deserts,enhance ecological functions in core areas,establish and improve cross-basin ecological compensation and collaborative governance mechanisms,strengthen comprehensive governance capabilities,enhance scientific and technological support,develop localized governance technology systems and intelligent monitoring platforms,and achieve targeted prevention and control.This study provides a scientific basis for consolidating the ecological security barrier of the Yangtze River source region and ensuring the sustainable functioning of the"China Water Tower".
作者
聂冲
刘伟玲
王丽婧
朱延忠
巢世军
宋永会
NIE Chong;LIU Weiling;WANG Lijing;ZHU Yanzhong;CHAO Shijun;SONG Yonghui(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;Joint Research Center for Yangtze River Conservation;Qinghai Research and Design Institute of Environmental Science)
出处
《环境工程技术学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期21-27,I0001,共8页
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U24A20180)
长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目(2022-LHYJ-02)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3205600)。
关键词
长江源区
生态安全
水环境
气候变化
生态保护修复
Yangtze River source region
ecological security
water environment
climate change
ecological protection and restoration
