摘要
目的分析2023年北京市丰台区春季和秋冬季流感高发季集中发热疫情的流行病学特征,为该区呼吸道聚集性疫情防控策略提供参考依据。方法收集2019—2022年北京市丰台区及2023年1月1日—4月30日、9月1日—12月10日报告的集中发热疫情资料,对集中发热疫情流行病学特征、病原学检测结果、疫苗接种率进行描述性分析。结果2023年1月1日—4月30日共报告集中发热疫情339起,时间分布以2月20日—3月12日为主,幼儿园为高发场所,病原以甲型H1N1和甲型H3N2交替为主;9月1日—12月10日共报告集中发热疫情246起,时间分布以11月13日—12月3日为主,小学为高发场所,病原以甲型H3N2为主,且由单种其他呼吸道多病原导致的疫情占其中13.33%,其他呼吸道病原导致的疫情中主要病原为副流感(36.67%)和腺病毒(33.33%)。两个流行季发生流感疫情的班级流感疫苗总接种率分别为43.32%和57.31%,幼儿园学校整体接种率在两季中均较低,且两个流行季中接种率≥50%的疫情发生班级总罹患率均低于接种率<50%的疫情班级总罹患率,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20427.385/1788.865,P<0.001)。结论2023年北京市丰台区春季和秋冬季集中发热疫情较往年大幅增长,幼儿园和小学易发生集中发热疫情,应加强学校发热疫情监测,做到尽早发现、快速处置,同时提高呼吸道多病原相关疫情的重视程度以达到疫情精准防控。此外,接种流感疫苗可有效预防疫情发生和延缓其扩散,应加强宣传普及流感疫苗的重要性,提高疫苗接种率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of clusters of fever cases during the spring and autumn-winter high-incidence seasons for influenza in Fengtai district,Beijing municipality in 2023,and to provide a reference basis for prevention and control strategies against clusters of respiratory diseases in the district.Methods We collected the data about clusters of fever cases reported in Fengtai district,Beijing municipality from 2019 to 2021,as well as from January 1 to April 30 and from September 1 to December 10 in 2023.Descriptive analyses were conducted on the epidemiological characteristics,etiological test results,and vaccination rates associated with these clusters.Results A total of 339 clusters of fever cases were reported from January 1 to April 30 in 2023,mainly occurring between February 20 and March 12,with kindergartens being the most affected venues.The main pathogens alternated between influenza A(H1N1)and influenza A(H3N2).A total of 246 clusters were reported from September 1 to December 10,mainly occurring between November 13 and December 3,with primary schools being the most affected venues and influenza A(H3N2)being the main pathogen.Among the 225 clusters with pathogen sampling,clusters caused by a single pathogen among other respiratory pathogens accounted for 13.33%,with parainfluenza(36.67%)and adenovirus(33.33%)being the main pathogens.The overall influenza vaccination rates of classes experiencing influenza clusters during the two epidemic seasons were 43.32%and 57.31%respectively.The overall vaccination rates in kindergartens and schools in both seasons were relatively low.Additionally,the overall attack rates in classes with the vaccination rates≥50%were lower than those in classes with the vaccination rates<50%during both epidemic seasons,showing a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=20,427.385,χ^(2)=1,788.865,P<0.001).Conclusions Compared with previous years,there was a significant increase in the clusters of fever cases in spring and autumn-winter in Fengtai district,Beijing municipality in 2023.Kindergartens and primary schools are prone to such clusters of fever cases.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of fever clusters in schools,achieve early detection and rapid response,and simultaneously pay special attention to the epidemic related to multiple respiratory pathogens so as to achieve precise epidemic prevention and control.Moreover,influenza vaccination can effectively prevent the occurrence of the epidemic and delay its spread.Efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion and popularization of importance of influenza vaccination and improve the vaccination rate.
作者
杜若依
武晶
杨军勇
田丽娜
杨霄星
张建军
信振江
DU Ruoyi;WU Jing;YANG Junyong;TIAN Li’na;YANG Xiaoxing;ZHANG Jianjun;XIN Zhenjiang(Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100071,China)
出处
《实用预防医学》
2025年第11期1301-1306,共6页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
发热
聚集性疫情
流行特征
fever
clustering epidemic
epidemic characteristic
