摘要
毒品成瘾是一种复杂的慢性脑疾病,其核心特征是易成瘾性和高复吸率。神经环路作为由神经元通过突触连接构筑的复杂功能性网络,其在毒品成瘾的形成、维持及复吸进程中所发挥的关键调控作用已被近年研究逐步阐明,成为当前成瘾神经机制研究的核心切入点。成瘾主要涉及的神经环路包括中脑腹侧被盖区-伏隔核奖赏环路、前额叶皮质相关的执行控制环路、丘脑室旁核相关环路等。神经环路也可通过对毒品奖赏效应与环境线索的协同整合,介导成瘾记忆的形成。研究表明,通过对神经环路的特异性干预,可以有效消退成瘾记忆,缓解复吸。该研究通过系统梳理近年来的相关研究进展,综述了毒品成瘾的关键神经环路及其在成瘾机制中的作用,旨在为开发基于神经环路干预的精准治疗策略提供理论支持。未来的研究需要进一步揭示神经环路的动态变化,探索不同类型成瘾的细胞和分子机制,并推动靶向神经环路的干预手段研发。
Drug addiction represents a complex chronic brain disorder,characterized by its inherent addictiveness and high relapse rate.As complex functional networks constructed by neurons through synaptic connections,neural circuits have been progressively elucidated by recent studies to play critical regulatory roles in the formation,maintenance and relapse of drug addiction,emerging as the core entry point for current research on the neural mechanisms of addiction.The neural circuits primarily involved in addiction include the mesolimbic ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens(VTA-NAc)reward circuit,prefrontal cortex(PFC)-associated executive control circuits,and paraventricular thalamic nucleus(PVT)-related circuits.Neural circuits can also mediate the formation of addictive memories through the synergistic integration of drug reward effects and environmental cues.Studies have shown that specific interventions targeting neural circuits can effectively extinguish addictive memories and alleviate relapse.This study systematically reviews the recent research advances,summarizing the key neural circuits of drug addiction and their roles in addictive mechanisms,with the aim of providing theoretical support for the development of precision therapeutic strategies based on neural circuit intervention.Future research needs to further reveal the dynamic changes in neural circuits,explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of different types of addiction,and promote the development of targeted interventions for neural circuits.
作者
田云青
饶梦洁
陶慧姗
王婵
刘柳
曾晓锋
TIAN Yun-qing;RAO Meng-jie;TAO Hui-shan;WANG Chan;LIU Liu;ZENG Xiao-feng(School of Forensic Medicine,Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650500,China)
出处
《中国药理学通报》
北大核心
2026年第2期225-229,共5页
Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No 82360336)
云南省基础研究计划重点项目(No 202401AS070059)
国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室开放课题(No KN202401)
昆明医科大学研究生教育创新基金项目(No 2025S016)
昆明医科大学法医毒物学一流学科团队(No 2024XKTDYS10)。
关键词
毒品成瘾
神经环路
成瘾机制
奖赏环路
记忆环路
伏隔核
腹侧被盖区
drug addiction
neural circuits
addictive mechanisms
reward circuits
memory circuits
nucleus accumbens
ventral tegmental area
